Daga cikin mafi dadaddun halittun da muke samu a gindin tekuna muna da cnidarians. Kwayar halitta ce wacce take hade da halittun ruwa kuma sunan ta ya fito ne daga kwayoyin halittar ta. Ana kiransu cnidocytes kuma shine yake sanya waɗannan nau'in na musamman. A halin yanzu kusan kusan nau'ikan 11.000 na cnidarians an san su waɗanda suka kasu kashi daban-daban a cikin aji, jinsi da jinsi.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku game da duk halaye, mazauni da kuma manyan jinsunan masu cin abincin.
Babban halayen 'yan cnidarians
Daga cikin dukkan nau'ikan da ke wannan rukunin dabbobi muna samun murjani, jellyfish, anemones da mulkin mallaka. Daga cikin cnidarians muna samun babban jellyfish daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Waɗannan nau'ikan halittun ruwa ne waɗanda suka sami damar mallakar mahalli masu ruwa-ruwa. Yawancin lokaci suna da ƙarfi da sessile wanda ke nufin sun taƙaita motsi. Sauran su ba su da girma a cikin girma kuma ana ɗauke da su kamar yadda ake yi a cikin duniya. Girman waɗannan dabbobin ya bambanta daga ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa zuwa wasu da suka fi mita 20 waɗanda suka haɗa da tanti.
Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittu ne waɗanda suke da yanayin haske da kuma jujjuyawar jiki. Wannan yana nufin cewa suna haɓaka daga ganyen amfrayo daban-daban da aka sani da ectoderm da endoderm. Abinda yafi fice ga masu cnidarians shine ƙwarin ƙwayoyi wanda suka sami wannan sunan. Labari ne game da cnidocytes. Samfurin radial ɗinsa yana nufin wasu ƙungiyoyi suma zasu iya zama gyara zuwa biradial, tetraradial ko wani nau'in fasali. Cnidocytes ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyi ne waɗanda ke iya harbi da kuma ba da abincinsu. Suna amfani da shi duka don farauta da kare kansu daga yiwuwar ɓarna.
Suna da matakin tsarin nama tunda basu da gabobi. Tsarin narkewa shine rami mai siffar jaka tare da rami ɗaya na shiga abinci da mafita ga kayan da ba'a narkar da su ba. Tebur ɗin sun zo a cikin lambobi iri-iri na 6 ko 8. Kasancewar suna da dadaddun kwayoyin halitta basa gabatar da cigaban rayuwa. Manufofin jikin da muke samu acikin wannan dabbobin sune: polyp da jellyfish.
Abu na farko da yakamata mu sani tsakanin bambanci tsakanin polyp da jellyfish shine motsirsu. Yayinda polyp yake mara nauyi kuma mai madaidaiciyar sifa, jellyfish yana da cikakkiyar motsi da fasalin kararrawa. Dole ne polyp ya kasance a haɗe a farfajiyar tekun da ke ƙasa ci gaba kuma a ɗora kanti a sama. Akasin haka, jellyfish yana da tanti kuma bakin yana fuskantar ƙasa.
Rabawa na cnidarians
Yawancin nau'ikan cnidarians suna samar da yankuna waɗanda suka haɗu da daidaikun halittu waɗanda aka sani da zooids waɗanda duka jellyfish ne da polyp-like kuma duka biyun. Daga cikin manyan jinsunan da ake rarraba masu cin abinci muna da waɗancan suna iya hayayyafa ta hanyar polyps wasu kuma ta hanyar jima'i ta hanyar jellyfish. Wasu daga cikin jinsunan zasu iya cigaba daga matakan polyp da jellyfish sau da yawa a tsawon rayuwarsu. Sauran kawai suna gabatarwa a cikin yanayin polyp ko lokacin jellyfish.
Bari mu ga menene manyan azuzuwan masu cnidarians:
Anthozoa
Wannan aji ya hada da duk dabbobin da aka sani da sunan anemones, murjani da gashin teku. Wannan ajin kawai yana dauke da dabbobin da suke da matakin polyp. Suna iya zama duka biyu da kuma mulkin mallaka. Polyp din na iya haihuwa ta hanyar jima'i ko na jima'i kuma ya samar da sabbin polyps. Waɗannan dabbobin ba su da lafiya kuma dole ne su zama faɗakarwa har abada ga matattarar. Ana samun tantanin da ke faruwa a cikin waɗannan dabbobin cikin 6 na ninka. An rarraba ingancin gastrovascular ɗinsa ta ɓangarorin da suka samo asali daga gastrodermis da yankin mesoglea. Mesoglea ita ce matsakaiciyar yanki tsakanin ƙwayoyin embryonic biyu da aka sani da ectoderm da endoderm.
Kubozoa
Aji ne a cikin masu cnidarians wanda ya haɗa da duk jellyfish na kwalliya da kayan ruwa. Waɗannan nau'ikan suna bayyana ne kawai a lokacin jellyfish. Yana da siffar mai siffar sukari kuma daga nan ne sunan ya fito. Gefen waɗannan jellyfish ɗin da aka sassaka kuma gefen gefensa ya ninka zuwa ciki don yin tsari kamar na mayafi. Saboda haka, Wannan tsarin da cubozoans suka fito dashi ana kiransa velario. Waɗannan dabbobin sun yi fice don cizon mai guba a nan, zai iya zama da lahani idan ya ciji mutane.
Hydrozoa
Wannan rukunin dabbobi ba a san su da yawa a ƙarƙashin sunan hydromedusae. A mafi yawan waɗannan nau'ikan akwai rikitarwa a cikin tsararraki tsakanin ƙarshen polyp lokaci da kuma lokacin jellyfish na jima'i. Yawan polyp lokaci yakan zama a daga mulkin mallaka na mutane waɗanda suke polymorphic. Wannan yana nufin cewa suna da siffofi daban-daban kuma suna haifar da ƙa'idodin tsari na nau'uka daban-daban.
Jellyfish na wannan ajin suna da mayafi kamar waɗanda suka gabata kuma basu da cnidocytes a cikin ingancin gastrovascular. Gonads dinsu yana da asalin yanayin mahaifa sannan kuma basu da ingancin gastrovascular da aka raba ta septa.
Scyphozoa
Wannan rukuni na dabbobi sun fi yawa saboda samun akasarin lokacin jellyfish. Yanayinta na polyp kadan ne. Lokacin da ya isa lokacin jellyfish, ba su da mayafi amma suna gabatar da tufafi da cnidocytes a cikin ramin ciki. Ba kamar ajin hydrozoa ba, wannan rukunin masu cnidarians yana da ingancin gastrovascular wanda ya kunshi 4 septa. Godiya ga wannan rabuwa, yana da yanayin daidaitaccen yanayi wanda ya raba jakar gastrovascular zuwa jaka na ciki 4.
Ciyarwa da haifuwa na masu cin abincin
Aya daga cikin mahimman halayen da waɗannan dabbobin suke da shi shine yawancin su dabbobi masu cin nama ne. Don kama abincinsu suna amfani da tanti mai taimako kuma cnidocytes da ke sakin abu mai daɗi da guba ganima.
Game da haifuwarsa, yana iya haifar da juzu'i da jinsi ta hanyoyin daban-daban. A cikin wasu rukuni akwai sabanin ra'ayi tsakanin yanayin polyp na haifuwa na azanci da lokacin jellyfish na haihuwa.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da masu cin cnidarians da kuma manyan azuzuwan da jinsunan da ke akwai.