Abubuwan da ke tattare da ruwan teku masu ƙyama

Duk teku da tekuna suna, ba tare da wata shakka ba, ɗayan tushe ne mafi arziki, dangane da bambancin halittu, a doron kasa Duniya. Gidajensa baƙi da yawa waɗanda ke sanya su wurare masu ban sha'awa. Runduna waɗanda suka bambanta, musamman, a cikin surarsu, girmansu, launi, halaye, siffofin ciyarwa, da sauransu.

A bayyane yake, halittun halittun ruwa sun banbanta da juna. Halayensu na iya zama daban-daban, wanda ke shafar, ta hanyar takamaiman hanya, nasu damar zama a ciki ko a'a.

A hankalce, yanayin rayuwa a cikin ruwa mara zurfi ko kusa da gabar teku ba ɗaya bane. A can, hasken ya fi yawa, yawan zafin jiki na fuskantar karin bambance-bambancen, kuma igiyoyin ruwa da motsin ruwa sun fi yawa da haɗari. Koyaya, yayin da muka sauka cikin zurfin, zamu sami hoto daban. A dalilin wannan, rayayyun halittu ba su da bambanci sosai dangane da yankin teku ko tekun da suke inganta rayuwarsu.

Anan ne kalmomi biyu waɗanda wataƙila bamu san su ba suka bayyana: tsautsayi y benthic

Pelagic da benthic

Pelagic yana nufin ɓangaren tekun da ke saman yankin pelagic. Wato, zuwa ga layin ruwan da ba ya kasance a kan gadon nahiya ko ɓawon burodi, amma ya fi kusa da shi. Ruwa ne na ruwa wanda bashi da zurfin zurfin gaske. A nata bangaren, benthic akasin haka ne. Yana da alaƙa da komai hade da tekun da kasan tekun.

Da kyar ake magana, halittun dake cikin ruwa, gami da kifi, an banbanta su zuwa manyan dangi biyu: kwayoyin pelagic y kwayoyin benthic.

Gaba, zamu ci gaba da bayanin kowannensu:

Ma'anar kwayoyin halittar pelagic

Lokacin da muke magana akan ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙyalƙyali, muna magana ne akan dukkanin nau'in da ke zaune tsakiyar ruwan tekuna da tekuna, ko kusa da farfajiyar. Sabili da haka, ya bayyana sarai cewa wannan nau'in halittu masu cikin ruwa suna iyakance alaƙar mu'amala da wurare masu zurfin gaske.

An rarraba su a cikin wurare masu haske, tun daga saman kanta zuwa zurfin mita 200. Wannan Layer an san shi da yankin phiotic.

Ya kamata a sani cewa babban makiyin dukkan wadannan kwayoyin shine kamun kifi ba babbaka.

Akwai manyan nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta guda biyu: nekton, plakton da neuston.

nekton

A ciki akwai kifi, kunkuru, kuliyoyin dabbobi, keɓaɓɓe, da sauransu. Kwayoyin halitta wadanda, godiya ga motsinsu, sune mai iya shawo kan igiyar ruwa mai ƙarfi.

Plakton

Suna halin, asali, ta hanyar da ƙananan girma, wani lokacin microscopic. Suna iya zama na nau'in kayan lambu (phytoplankton) ko na dabba (zooplankton). Abun takaici, wadannan kwayoyin, saboda yanayin halittar jikinsu, ba za su iya doke tekun ba, don haka suke jan su.

neuston

Su waɗannan rayayyun halittun sune suka sanya fim ɗin ruwa na gida.

Kifi mai laushi

Idan muka mai da hankali kan rukunin da ke tattare da kifin kamar haka, za mu iya yin wani sabon sashi, wanda ya ta'allaka ne, daidai da wannan, gwargwadon wuraren ruwa da suke da yawa:

Kayan aikin bakin teku

Kwayoyin halittar bakin teku galibi ƙananan kifi ne waɗanda ke zaune a cikin manyan makarantu waɗanda ke motsawa cikin keɓaɓɓen yankin da kuma kusa da farfajiyar. Misalin wannan dabbobi kamar su anchovies ko sardines.

Pelagics na Oceanic                          

A cikin wannan rukuni akwai matsakaici da manyan nau'in da ke son yin ƙaura. Dukkaninsu suna da halaye, na tsarin halittar jiki dana jiki, kwatankwacin na dangin su na gabar teku, yayin da tsarin ciyarwar su ya banbanta.

Duk da samun saurin ci gaba da kuma yawan haihuwa, yawan jama'ar su yayi ƙasa da ƙasa, yana mai sanya ci gaban su a hankali. Wannan ya samo asali ne saboda gaskiyar cewa suna fuskantar kamun kifi mai yawa.

Kifi irin su tuna da bonito sune samfurin kwatancen ƙwayoyin halittar teku.

Synonym don kwayoyin pelagic

Tunda kalmar pelagic tana nufin wani yanki na teku da teku, wata kalma kuma ta taso wacce ake amfani da ita don ambaton ta a matsayin ta yadda take "abyssal". Sabili da haka, kamar yadda muke ambaton ƙwayoyin cuta da kifi, zamu iya magance su kamar haka kifi ko halittun abyssal.

Ma'anar kwayoyin benthic

Benthic kwayoyin ne wadanda suke tare a cikin yanayin halittu na cikin ruwa, ba kamar kwayoyin halitta ba.

A cikin waɗannan yankuna na teku inda haske da gaskiya ke bayyana, zuwa ɗan ƙarami, ee, mun sami manyan furodusoshin a benthic hotuna (iya samar da nasu abincin).

An riga an nutsa cikin aphotic bango, rashin haske kuma wanda yake a cikin zurfin ruwa, akwai kwayoyi masu cinyewa, wadanda suka dogara da ragowar kwayoyin halitta da kuma kananan halittun da nauyi ke jan daga matattun ruwa wadanda zasu iya ciyar da kansu.

Wani al'amari na musamman kwayoyin cuta ne, a gefe guda kayan kwalliya kuma a daya mai rikitarwa (Sun dogara ga wasu kwayoyin), waɗanda suke a cikin yankuna masu banƙyama kamar yadda wasu mahimman wuraren raƙuman ruwan teku suke.

Da farko kallo, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa, bayan karanta abin da ke sama, ba mu da masaniya sosai game da ƙwayoyin halittar benthic. Babu wani abu da zai iya kasancewa daga gaskiya. Akwai jinsin da ke tattare da su wanda ya shahara sosai kuma sananne ga kowa: murjani.

Ba tare da wata shakka ba, tudun murjani yana ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan kayan adon ƙasa. Koyaya, kuma rashin alheri, suma sune mafi barazanar. Wasu dabarun kamun kifi, wani lokacin ba su dace ba, suna kashe su. Muna magana, misali, game da raga-raga, waɗanda sune musababbin matsalolin muhalli.

Yawancin rayayyun halittu da yawa suna cikin babban gidan benthic. Muna magana game da mahada (taurari da urchins na teku), da kamfani (tafin kafa da makamantansu), da cephalopods (dorinar ruwa da kifin kifi), da bivalves y molluscs da wasu nau'ikan algae.

Kifin Benthic

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a cikin ƙwayoyin benthic muna samun waɗannan nau'ikan de peces Kataloji a matsayin "peluronectiformes", na cikin tsari de peces flounder, zakara da tafin kafa.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Kifin kifin

Waɗannan kifayen suna ɗauke da kyawawan halaye na musamman. Jikinsa, ya matse shi ta gefe, ya zana a siffar flatten, bai bar kowa ba. Na yatsun hannu, suna da alaƙa ta gefe, tare da ido a kowane gefe. Abun daidaitaccen gefe wanda ya ɓace yayin da suke haɓaka. Manya, waɗanda ke hutawa a ɗaya gefen, suna da jiki kwance kuma wasu an shirya su a saman gefe.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, suna kifi mai cin nama da farauta, wanda aka aiwatar da kamun sa ta hanyar dabarar farauta.

Mafi yawan nau'ikan, tunda sune akafi amfani dasu a wurin dahuwa da filin kamun kifi, sune tafin kafa da kuma katako.

Ma'anar ma'anar kwayoyin benthic

Idan muka sake nazarin litattafan kimiyya daban daban wadanda aka keɓe don harkar haraji da rarrabewar mulkin dabba, zamu iya samun kwayoyin halitta da lankwasawa kawai "Bentos" o "Benthic".

Yanayi duniya ce mai ban sha'awa, kuma tsarin halittun ruwa ya cancanci babi daban. Yin magana game da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke motsa jiki abu ne mai rikitarwa da rikitarwa. Wannan ƙaramin bitar yana ba da haske, a cikin manyan shanyewar jiki, cikakkun bayanai waɗanda suka bambanta ɗaya daga ɗayan.