Ma kēia ʻatikala e hele ana mākou mai ka wehewehe ʻana i ka iʻa i nā ilo o ke kai. I kēia hihia, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana nā mea hoʻolālā. He hui lākou o flatworms (no laila ko lākou inoa) nona ka papa ma mua ʻo Turbellaria. No kēia kumu, ua kapa ʻia lākou he mobsters. Ma kahi o 4500 mau ʻano i ʻike ʻia i kēia mau ilo, no laila ko lākou mea nui. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou he wai a noho i nā kaiaolaola benthic. Aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe i hoʻopili ʻia i nā wahi nāū.
Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike i kēia flatworms kai i ka hohonu, i kēia pou e komo mākou i loko o kā lākou ka biology, ka hoʻohuihui ʻana a me ke ʻano grapevinei Makemake ʻoe e launa me lākou?
Hōʻuluʻulu
ʻO ka papa ʻo Turbellaria ua manaʻo ʻia he hui o flatworms i lawe i nā mea āpau ʻaʻole nā parasites koʻikoʻi. Eia naʻe, me ka hala ʻana o ka manawa a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻokupu, ua nalowale kēia papa. No laila, manaʻo ʻia nā planarians he mau pūʻulu paraphyletic e hoʻopili ana i nā flatworms ʻaʻole parasite a me nā acellomorphs. Pili kēia mau hoʻololi i kahi noiʻi nui aʻe i ka laina evolution o kēia mau holoholona.
Nā kuhikuhi nui
He invertebrates lākou o ka liʻiliʻi loa a me ka lōʻihi loli. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i nā laʻana mai ka millimeter a i ka 600mm i ka lōʻihi. Hoʻohālike ʻia nā planarians nui e like me ka lau a i ʻole ka lipine.
ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia ʻano laha. ʻAno Benthic ʻo ia ka poʻe e noho ana i ka moana kai. No laila, manaʻo ʻia kēia mau ilo me nā meaola benthic. E pili ana i kāna morphology, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i kahi nui o nā cilia ma loko o kona kino.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka cilia e hana i nā neʻe liʻiliʻi e hoʻoulu ai i nā microscope e puni iā lākou.
ʻAno like me flatworms
Hoʻohālikelike nā Planarians i nā flatworms morphologically no ka mea he symmetry bilateral kā lākou. ʻO ke kumu o kēia he axis longitudinal lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana symmetrical o ke kino. He triblastic lākou no ka mea loaʻa iā lākou kahi kolu o nā hunaola ʻaʻohe embryonic. Pēlā nō ia no nā kānaka, he triblastic mākou.
ʻAʻole like me nā meaola ʻē aʻe me ka symmetry bilateral, ʻaʻohe lua o loko o nā planarians a me flatworms. Loaʻa kēia i kona pālahalaha. ʻAʻohe o lākou coelom, ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai lākou me cellophane.
ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa i ka ʻokoʻa flatworms mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻo ka loaʻa ʻole o nā ʻōnaehana hanu a me nā kahe. Ma ka loaʻa ʻole o kēia mau hāmeʻa, hoʻemi ʻia a hiki i ka palena o kā lākou hiki ke hoʻololi i ka oxygen a me carbon dioxide me ke kaiapuni. ʻO ia ke kumu no ka liʻiliʻi o kona nui. Inā he kino nui kona, e hoʻonui ana ia i nā pono kūkae kino me ka honua i waho a ʻaʻole hiki ke ola. Pālahalaha nā mea nunui iʻole e hoʻololi i kēia hoʻololi no kahi ākea nui.
No laila inā kēia mau hāmeʻa, pehea lākou e hoʻololi ai i ka oxygen a me ka CO2? Hana lākou ia mea ma o ka pae o ke kino. Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa i ka tract digestive kahi ramifikasi i hiki i nā mea momona ke maʻalahi i nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kino. Kēia kinoea kūkaʻi ma o ka ili hana i ka planarians loa susceptible i ka make wai. No kēia kumu e noho lākou i nā wahi wai a me nā wahi wai e aneane hiki ʻole ke make wai.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻōnaehana makaʻu i ke poʻo kahi e puka ai kekahi mau aka. Mai kēia mau lālā ganglia o nā aʻalolo i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o ke kino. I ka hihia kahi i hōʻino ʻia lākou, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoponopono hou i ko lākou kino inā nalowale kekahi ʻāpana. Hiki iā lākou ke hana hou i ke poʻo.
Nā ʻano kūikawā o nā planarians
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, he kūikawā a kū hoʻokahi kēia mau holoholona. Loaʻa i ka hapanui o lākou i kahi ola manuahi, ʻokoʻa ka flatworms i nā parasites. Noho lākou ma ke kai e hānai ai lākou i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe a i ʻole decomposing meaola.
Aia kekahi mau planarians e hele pinepine i nā kapakai a hōʻea i ko lākou ʻano nui loa ma nā ʻākoʻakoʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i ke kūkulu ʻana i kekahi mau kaiāulu nui. Ua noho kolonehe nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i nā wahi o ka wai hou a hoʻomaʻa ʻia kekahi i nā wahi pulu ma ka ʻāina. ʻO ka poʻe e ʻaʻa e noho ma ka ʻāina, koho lākou i nā wahi pouli a mehana. Hiki ke uhi ʻia kēia me ka ʻōpala a ʻaneʻane mau i nā ʻano nocturnal, kahi e mālama pono ai i ka momona.
ʻAʻohe o lākou cuticle aʻo ka papa o ke kino kahi papa o nā hunaola me ka cilia. I kekahi ʻano nui ʻaʻohe o lākou cilia. Ma lalo o ka ʻili he ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa o nā mākala a me kekahi mau glands e pili ana i ka papa ma o nā pores. Ke hūnā mau nei lākou i ka hulu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e kōkua iā lākou e māū i nā manawa āpau.
E neʻe iā lākou i kekahi mau koho. Hoʻohana nā holoholona wai liʻiliʻi loa i ka cilia ma ko lākou ʻili e hoʻokuʻi iā lākou iho mai ka wai a neʻe. I kekahi ʻaoʻao, pono nā mea nui ʻole i ka cilia e hana i nā neʻe muscular e kolo a neʻe i loko o ka wai. ʻO ka poʻe e noho ana ma ka honua hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolei i nā pae o ka mucus hiki ke piʻi i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe e like me nā pōhaku a me nā lālā.
ʻO kekahi mau planarians he mau hale e like me nā spicules o nā ʻākoʻako a me nā ʻāpana (nā hale calcareous a i ʻole siliceous) a hāʻawi i ke kino o ka planaria i kahi ʻano annular.
Hoʻopili
Hiki i nā Planarians ke hana hou i ka moekolohe a me ka moekolohe. Hoʻohua kekahi o lākou i ka ʻāpana ʻana i ko lākou mau kino. Hiki iā lākou ke cloning iā lākou iho ma ka mahele transverse. Hiki iā lākou ke hana asexually e ka ʻōpuʻu.
Eia naʻe, ʻo ke ʻano kaulana a kaulana o ka hana kope ʻana he moekolohe. E hana i kēia, pono i nā planarians a pau ke hoʻohua i nā hua i loko ma ke kope ʻana me kekahi kanaka. He hermaphrodite lākou āpau i hiki iā lākou ke hana pono.
ʻAʻole loaʻa i nā planarians kahi coelom gonad. Akā ʻo ke koena o lākou he hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha mau hui ovaries a me nā testicle. Hoʻomaka nā paipu Seminiferous mai nā testicle e kahe i waho i nā penise muscular.
I ka hapanui o nā laha hatch nā hua e hāʻawi i nā specimens like loa me nā mākua, akā me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. I nā ʻano ʻē aʻe hāʻawi nā hua i nā larva i oʻo i ke kai wai.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻano kūikawā a hoihoi loa kēia mau holoholona.
E lilo i mea mua e wehewehe