Pakati pezvisikwa zvipenyu zvekare zvatinowana pazasi pemakungwa isu tine cnidarians. Iyo phylum iyo inoumbwa nehupenyu hwemumvura uye zita rayo rinobva kune ayo maitiro maseru. Iwo anonzi macnidocyte uye ndizvo zvinoita kuti mhando idzi dzikoshe. Parizvino dzakatenderedza zviuru gumi nezvisere zvemarudzi eecnidarians anozivikanwa akapatsanurwa kuita akasiyana makirasi, genera uye marudzi.
Muchikamu chino tichaudza iwe nezve zvese hunhu, nzvimbo dzekugara uye hukuru hwemhando dzecnidarians.
Hunhu hukuru hwecnidarians
Pakati pemarudzi ese anoumba iri boka remhuka tinowana makorari, jellyfish, anemones nemakoloni. Kune vecnidarians tinowana iyo hombe jellyfish kubva kumativi ese epasi. Idzi ndidzo mhando dzegungwa dzakakwanisa kukwikwidza nharaunda dzemvura yakachena. Iwo anowanzo kuve benthic uye sessile izvo zvaireva kuti ivo vairambidza kufamba. Zvimwe zvacho zvidiki uye zvinoonekwa seplanktonic. Hukuru hwemhuka idzi hunosiyana kubva pamicroscopic saizi kune dzimwe dzinopfuura mamamita makumi maviri anosanganisira matende.
Izvi ndizvo zvipuka zvine radial symmetry uye zviri zvebhaibheri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ivo vanokura kubva kwakasiyana-siyana embryonic mashizha anozivikanwa se ectoderm uye endoderm. Izvo zvinomira pachena vazhinji vecnidarians isero rinoruma ravanogamuchira zita iri. Izvo ndezve cnidocytes. Iyo radial symmetry inoreva kuti mamwe mapoka anogona zvakare kuve shandura kune biradial, tetraradial kana imwewo mhando ye symmetry. Cnidocytes masero anokwanisa kupfura nekuisa chepfu kumhuka yavo. Ivo vanoshandisa iyo zvese kuvhima uye kuzvidzivirira pachavo kubva kune vangangoita zvikara.
Ivo vane chikamu chetishu kurongeka sezvo vasina nhengo. Iyo yekugaya sisitimu yakaita saga-yakaita mhango ine imwechete yekupinda gomba rekudya uye yekubuda kwechinhu chisina kugayiwa. Iwo ma tentacles anouya mune nhamba inotangira mukuwanda kwe6 kana 8. Kuve chaiwo echinyakare zvisikwa ivo havaratidzi cephalization. Mitezo mikuru yemuviri yatinowana mukati meiyi phylum yemhuka ndeiyi: polyp uye jellyfish.
Chinhu chekutanga chatinofanira kuziva pakati pemusiyano uripo pakati pema polyp nejellyfish kufamba kwavo. Ipo polyp iri sessile uye iine cylindrical chimiro, iyo jellyfish inofamba chose uye ine bhero. Iyo polyp inofanirwa kusungirirwa kune yepasi pegungwa pasi nekuenderera uye iine matende ayo akatungamirwa kumusoro. Pane zvinopesana, iyo jellyfish ine tende uye muromo wakanangiswa pasi.
Kupatsanurwa kwecnidarians
Mhando zhinji dzecnidarians dzinogadzira makoloni ayo anoumbwa neese ega ega zvipuka zvinozivikanwa semazioid ayo ari ese jellyfish uye polyp-akafanana uye ese ari maviri. Pakati pemarudzi makuru ayo macnidarians anosarudzwa isu tine zvimwe izvo vanokwanisa kubereka asexually kuburikidza nepolyps uye vamwe pabonde kuburikidza nejellyfish. Mimwe yemhando idzi dzinogona kufambira mberi kubva polyp kuenda kujellyfish nhanho kakawanda muhupenyu hwavo hwese. Vamwe vanongowanikwa muchikamu chepolyp kana iyo jellyfish chikamu.
Ngatione kuti ndeapi makirasi makuru ecnidarians:
Anthozoa
Kirasi iyi inosanganisira mhuka dzese dzinozivikanwa nemazita emaanemone, makorari uye minhenga yegungwa. Iri kirasi rinongopa mhuka dzine iyo polyp nhanho. Ivo vanogona kuve vese vari vega uye vekoloni. Iyo polyp inogona kuberekesa asexually kana bonde uye kugadzira mapuropu matsva. Idzi mhuka dzakazara sessile uye dzinofanirwa kuramba dzakaziviswa zvachose kune substrate. Iwo ma tentacles anowanikwa mune idzi mhuka anowanikwa mune akawanda e6. Yayo gastrovascular mhando inopatsanurwa nezvikamu zvinotangisa nzvimbo yegastrodermis uye mesoglea. Iyo mesoglea inzvimbo yepakati pakati pemasero maviri embryonic anozivikanwa se ectoderm uye endoderm.
cubozoa
Iyo kirasi iri mukati mecnidarians iyo inosanganisira ese mabhokisi jellyfish uye gungwa wasps. Aya marudzi anongowanikwa chete muchikamu chejellyfish. Iyo ine cubic chimiro uye ndipo panobva zita rayo. Iyo kumucheto kweiyi jellyfish yakapetwa uye iyo margin inopinda mukati kuti igadzire sevheiri-senge chimiro. Saka, Ichi chimiro chinoratidzirwa necubozoans chinonzi velario. Idzi mhuka dzinomira kuve nekuruma zvine chepfu pano, dzinogona kuuraya kana dzikaruma vanhu.
Hydrozoa
Iri boka remhuka rinowanzozivikanwa pasi pezita rekuti hydromedusae. Mune mazhinji eaya marudzi pane imwe shanduko muzvizvarwa pakati peasexual polyp chikamu uye bonde jellyfish chikamu. Chikamu che polyp chinowanzo fomu pa kubva kumakoloni evamwe vanhu vari polymorphic. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vane maumbirwo akasiyana uye ivo vanogadzira marongerwo emakoroni emhando dzakasiyana.
Iyo jellyfish yekirasi ino ine chifukidziro senge yapfuura uye haina cnidocytes mune mhando yegastrovascular. Iwo maGonads ane ectodermal mavambo uye zvakare haana gastrovascular mhando yakakamurwa nesepta.
Scyphozoa
Iri boka remhuka ivo vanonyanya kuita yekuve iine kunyanya jellyfish chikamu. Chikamu chayo chepolyp chidiki kwazvo. Kana zvasvika padanho rejellyfish, ivo havana vheiri asi varipo zvipfeko uye cnidocyte mune yegastrovascular cavity. Kusiyana nekirasi yehydrozoa, iyi kirasi yecnidarians ine gastrovascular mhando yakaumbwa ne4 septa. Nekuda kwekuparadzaniswa uku, ine kuenderana kwehukama uko kunopatsanura gastrovascular bhegi mu4 gastric mabhegi.
Kudya uye kubereka kwecnidarians
Chimwe chehunhu hukuru hune mhuka idzi ndechekuti huwandu hwadzo hwakawanda nyama. Kuti vatore mhuka yavo vanoshandisa mabhenefiti erubatsiro uye iyo cnidocyte inosunungura chinhu chinoruma nekuisa chepfu mhuka.
Nezve kubereka kwayo, inogona kuberekesa asexually uye zvepabonde nenzira dzakasiyana. Mune mamwe mapoka pane imwe shanduko pakati pechikamu chepolyp chekuberekana kweasexual uye chikamu chejellyfish chekubereka.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve cnidarians uye akakosha makirasi uye marudzi aripo.