Biology uye mararamiro ehurongwa

Varongwa veMarine

Muchikamu chino tichaenda kubva kurondedzera hove kuenda kumakonye honye. Mune ino kesi, isu tichataura nezvayo ivo mapurani. Ivo iboka remakonye (saka zita ravo) iro kirasi yaimbove iyo Turbellaria. Naizvozvo, ivo vanonzi zvakare mhomho. Dzinosvika mhando mazana mana nemazana mashanu dzinozivikanwa nehonye idzi, nekudaro kukosha kwadzo. Iwo mazhinji acho ari emvura uye anogara munzvimbo dzechivanhu. Kune mamwe marudzi akashandisirwa kumamiriro ekunyorova.

Kana iwe uchida kuziva idzi gungwa flatworms zvakadzama, mune ino posvo isu tichaongorora mune avo biology, kupatsanura uye mazambiringa modhiku. Ungada here kusangana navo?

Kurongwa

Hunhu hwese

Kirasi yeTurbellaria yaifungidzirwa seboka remakonye anotora mukati mawo ese asiri maronda chaiwo. Nekudaro, nekufamba kwenguva uye kusimudzira kweiyo taxonomy, kirasi iyi yakanyangarika. Naizvozvo, mapuranianano anoonekwa semapoka eparaphyletic ayo anosanganisira zvipukanana zvisina maparasiti uye maacellomorphs. Shanduko idzi dzinokonzerwa nekumwe kudzidza kwakadzama kwemutsara wekushanduka wemhuka idzi.

Mhando huru

Kupatsanurwa kweanoronga

Iwo ari emitezo isingasviki padiki kwazvo saizi uye akaenzana akasiyana urefu. Tinogona kuwana mienzaniso inotangira pamamirimita kusvika pa600mm pakureba. Mapurani makuru akaumbwa seshizha kana ribhoni.

Mazhinji emarudzi aya ari mumvura. Benthic marudzi ndeavo vanogara mugungwa. Naizvozvo, makonye aya anonzi benthic zvipenyu. Nezve morphology yayo, tinogona kuwana hombe cilia mumuviri wayo wese.

Iyo cilia inoshandiswa kugadzira madiki madiki ayo anogadzira mamirosikopu anotenderera akavapoteredza.

Zvakafanana nemafoundworms

Flatworms

Mapurani anofanana nemapopworm morphologically nekuve neyakaenzana mativi maviri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vane axial yekureba iyo inopatsanura zvikamu zviviri zvemuviri zvakaenzana. Ivo ndevebhaibheri nekuti vane chetatu chikamu cheasina-embryonic masero. Chinhu chimwe chete ichi chinoitika nevanhu, isu tiri vatendi vechokwadi.

Kusiyana nezvimwe zvipenyu zvine mbiri dzakaenzana, mapuranian uye mapundu emhashu haana chero mhango yemukati. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kugadzikana kwayo. Ivo havana coelom, Ndokusaka ivo vachiiswa se cellophane.

Humwe hunhu hunosiyanisa makonye kubva kumamwe marudzi kusavapo kwekufema uye kutenderera kweropa. Nekusava nemidziyo iyi, kugona kwavo kuchinjanisa okisijeni uye kabhoni dhayokisaidhi nemhoteredzo zvinoderedzwa uye zvine mwero. Ndicho chikonzero nei saizi yayo iri diki. Dai yaive nemuviri muhombe, ingadai yakawedzera gasi yekutsinhana zvinodiwa nenyika yekunze uye haikwanise kurarama. Iwo mahombe akapfava kuitira kuti asachinje chinjanai ichi kune yakakura nzvimbo nzvimbo.

Saka kana izvi zvigadzirwa, vanochinjana sei oxygen ne CO2? Vanozviita kuburikidza nemuviri wavo pamusoro. Uye zvakare, iyo yekugaya nzira ine ramification kuitira kuti zvinovaka muviri zvikwanise kusvika nyore nyore kumativi ese emuviri. Uku kuchinjana kwemweya kuburikidza neganda kunoita kuti mapuranians anetseke zvakanyanya kupera mvura mumuviri. Nechikonzero ichi ivo vanofanirwa kugara munzvimbo dzemumvura uye dzakanyorovera umo zvinenge zvisingaite kuwana mvura.

Iyo tsinga system yakasunganidzwa mumusoro uko kunowoneka node. Kubva pane aya ganglia matavi etsinga anosiya akapararira mumuviri wese. Muchiitiko chavakakuvadzwa, vanogona kumutsiridza muviri wavo kana vakarasikirwa nechimwe chikamu. Ivo vanotoita kugona kumutsiridza musoro.

Hunhu hwakakosha hweanoronga

Makonye akapwanyika

Sezvauri kuona, idzi mhuka dzakakosha uye dzakasarudzika. Mazhinji acho ane hupenyu hwemahara, zvakasiyana nehonye maruva ari zvipembenene. Kurarama pasi pegungwa vanofanirwa kudya dzimwe mhuka diki kana kuora kwezvinhu zvakasikwa.

Kune mamwe mapuranian anogara achienda kumahombekombe egungwa uye anosvika mukusiyana kwavo kukuru pamakorari. Ivo vanogona kuoneka vachiumba dzimwe nharaunda hombe. Dzimwe mhando dzakakwenenzvera nzvimbo dzine mvura yakachena uye dzimwe dzinoenderana nenzvimbo dzine hunyoro pasi. Avo vanovavarira kugara pasi vanosarudza nzvimbo dzine rima uye dzinonyorova. Izvi zvinogona kufukidzwa nemarara uye kazhinji nguva dzese dzeusiku tsika, uko hunyoro hunochengetwa zvirinani.

Havana cuticle uye pamusoro pemuviri iite imwechete maseru ane cilia. Mune mamwe marudzi akakura, haana cilia. Pasi peganda ine diki diki yemhasuru uye mamwe matenhe akabatana nepamusoro kuburikidza ne pores. Ivo vari kuramba vachiviga mamasi uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinovabatsira kuti vagare vane hunyoro nguva dzese.

Kufambisa vane sarudzo dzinoverengeka. Idiki diki dzemumvura dzinoshandisa iyo cilia paganda ravo kuti vazvibudise kubva mumvura uye kutenderera. Kune rimwe divi, iwo makuru asina cilia anoda kuita musuru mafambiro ekukambaira kana kufamba nemumvura. Avo vanogara pasi pano vanokwanisa kukanda tambo dzesnot kukwanisa kukwira nzvimbo dzakakwirira zvakaita sematombo nematavi.

Vamwe vanoronga vane zvivakwa zvakafanana nemapikicha emakorari nemaponji (macalceous kana siliceous zvivakwa) uye vanopa muviri weplanaria chitarisiko chakajairika.

Kuberekerwa

Kubereka kuronga

Maplanari anokwanisa kubereka zvese pabonde uye asexually. Dzimwe dzadzo dzinozvara nekukamura miviri yavo. Ivo vanokwanisa kuzvibatanidza pachavo neyakaganhurika chikamu. Ivo vanogona zvakare kuzviita asexually nekutunga.

Zvisinei, inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye yakajairika chimiro chekubereka ndeye zvepabonde. Kuti uite izvi, vese mapuranians vanofanirwa kudyisa mazai mukati nekuteedzera nemumwe munhu. Iwo ese hermaphrodites saka vanogona kuzvisarudzira.

Mapuranians asina coelom haana gonads. Asi mamwe ese ane rimwe kana maviri mairi emazai uye machende. Seminiferous machubhu anotangira kubva kumachende ayo anoyerera achienda mukati memhasuru mboro.

Mune mhando zhinji mazai anochochonya kupa mienzaniso yakafanana zvikuru nevakuru, asi iine saizi diki. Mune mamwe marudzi mazai anopa maruva ayo anokura munzvimbo yemumvura.

Sezvauri kuona, idzi mhuka dzakakosha uye dzinoda kuziva.


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  1. Inotarisira iyo data: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Chinangwa cheiyo data: Kudzora SPAM, manejimendi manejimendi.
  3. Legitimation: Kubvuma kwako
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