Zvinoenderana nezvazvinogona kuratidzika pakutanga, hove hadzisi mhuka dzenguva ichangopfuura, asi kuvapo kwavo kune mamirioni emakore. Muchinyorwa chino ticha taura nezve dzimwe dzeidzi mhuka dzakagovana pekugara nema dinosaurs pachavo nezvimwe zvisikwa zvekare. Isu tinoreva kune izvo zvinonzi prehistoric hove.
dunkleosteus
Iyo Dunkleosteus ndeyemhuri yeArthrodylar placoderm hove (ndiyo yaive yekutanga hove yemhuka ine shaya). Yaivapo munguva yeDevonia, ingangoita munguva iri pakati pemamirioni 380-360 emakore.
Ihove yechinyakare iyi yaizivikanwa nemusoro wakakurumbira, wakadzivirirwa neshaya huru. Shaya idzi dzaive nezvinouraya mazino mashizha. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro akamuita imwe yeanouraya uye anouraya mhuka dzinodya mhuka dzegungwa dzakamboonekwa.
Yehukuru hukuru, padhuze kusvika gumi metres uye anopfuura matani matatu muhuremu, akaiisa pamberi pechikafu.
Masara ekutanga echisikwa ichi chinoshamisa akawanikwa nana geologist Jay Terrell muna 1867 pamhenderekedzo yeLake Iago Erie (Ohio). Izvi zvinosara zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yedehenya uye thorac dorsal ndiro. Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti mabhonzo akati wandei ehove aya akazowanikwa, kwaive kutanga kwekutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX kuti kunyatso kugadziridzwa kweiyo chaiyo morphology yemhuka iyi kwaigona kuitwa.
Xiphactinus
Ihove iyi haidi tsamba yakawandisa yekuvhara kuti inzwisise basa rayo panguva yekuvapo kwayo, zvinoreva zita rayo rinoti zvese: "sword fin". Nekudaro, ini ndichaedza kukuudza zvese nezvake.
Ihove iyi yaive yeboka rehove teleost iyo yaigara mumvura yemakungwa kumashure muCretaceous. Imba yayo chaiyo yaive yekumaodzanyemba nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweUnited States, asi zvakare yakaunganidza dzimwe nzvimbo padyo neCentral neSouth America.
Yakanga iri mhuka ine muviri wakareba, yakatenderedza 4,3 metres pakureba, uye yaigona kusvika kusvika 6 metres. Hunhu hwayo hukuru hwaive iwo mabhonasi mwaranzi yakabudikira kubva pairi ndokuguma ichipinzwa mumapini. Aya mapini akamutendera kushambira nekuchangamuka uye kuzadzikiswa iko chaiko kufamba kwaaizobata vaaibata.
Asi zvombo zvake zvikuru zvaive mumusoro wake. Musoro wakapfava, waive neshaya huru uye inotyisa.
Uye ndeyekuti Xiphactinus yaive chikara nemavara makuru. Zvinotendwa kuti chishuwo chayo chisingagutsikane chakachiita chiine huwandu hwakawanda hweanogona kubatwa, izvo zvakazoitisa kuti idye kune ese marudzi emhuka diki, kusvika pakudya nyama yevanhu. Uchapupu hwekupedzisira ndewekuti zvisaririra zvakawanikwa zvichiratidzira zvisaririra zvemitambo midiki mudumbu revanhu vakuru.
Chekupedzisira, taura nezvake kuti inogona kunge isiri mhuka iri yoga, asi kuti yakafananidza hupenyu mumapoka madiki aine mashoma emakopi.
Cretoxyrhina
Cretoxyrhina inogona kunge iri yekutanga shark kuzadza Nyika. Akararama pakupera kweCretaceous, angangoita mamirioni zana emakore apfuura kana zvakadaro. Yakanzi "ginsu shark."
Iyi shark inogona kukura kusvika iyo mamita manomwe pakureba, saizi yakafanana neiyo yewhite shark huru nhasi, iyo yakafanana chaizvo nayo panyama.
Yaiva mhuka inodya nyama uye muenzanisi anodya nyama. Shaya yaro yaive yakagarwa nemazino akati wandei anopinza aisvika masendimita manomwe pakureba. Aya mazino akaumba shaya mbiri: repamusoro rine mazino makumi matatu nemana, uye rezasi rine mazino makumi matatu nematanhatu, mumutsara wega wega wakajeka.
Iyo yaidya pazvinhu zvese zvisikwa zvegungwa zvaigara padyo nayo, iyo yavakaparadza nekuruma kwayo zvine simba, iyo nekungoruma zvakapfava nekutenderera kwemutsipa yaikwanisa kucheka chero muviri wega. Hapana mubvunzo kuti yaive imwe yemhuka dzaityiwa zvikuru panguva yayo, umo yaidyara kutya kwese kwayaienda.
Squalikorax
Imwe ye prehistoric shark yaive iyo squalicorax, iyo yakafanana neCretoxyrhina, akararama hupenyu hwake pakupera kweCretaceous.
Chitarisiko chayo chekunze chaive chakafanana neicho cheshark yanhasi, kunyanya ingwe shark. Yakanga yakareba pamusoro pemamita mashanu, kunyangwe yaiwanzo kuwanikwa paavhareji kureba kungodarika 5 metres. Kureba kwake kwaivewo kusiri kudarika 2-2.5 metres.
Yakapihwa mazino mazhinji, ayo aibvumira kuti itakure kudya kwakanyanyisa kudya, iine hunhu hwekubiridzira pane dzimwe nguva.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti hadzisi dzose prehistoric hove dzakaguma dzave kutsakatika, asi kune dzimwe mhando dzakaramba stoically kufamba kwenguva uye dziri pakati pedu nhasi. Tevere isu tichaenda kuzopa mamwe makesi:
hagfish
Hagfish kana hagfish iri mukati meboka de peces agnaths. Vanodanwawo de peces muroyi kana hyperotretos, uye pari zvino anenge makumi matanhatu emarudzi akasiyana akanyorwa.
Ihove dzine miviri yakareba dzakaputirwa nechinhu chinotapira. Havana shaya. Panzvimbo iyoyo vane zviumbwa zviviri zvakafanana nematende uye izvo zvavanogadzira kufamba kwekuyamwa.
Ivo vanowanzo fudza viscera, vachikwanisa kupinda mumuviri wemhuka mhenyu kuti udye mukati, nekuda kwerurimi rwavo rwakasungwa uye rwakasungwa. Ivo vanoshaya sensory receptors, uye maziso avo haana kusimba zvakanyanya.
Ivo ndevamwe vevanyoro vekare mhuka dzemhuka yehupenyu hwazvino uye mhuka.
lancetfish
Kana uchicherekedza Lancetfish haufanirwe kunge uine ruzivo rwakanyanya mune zoology kuti uzive kuti hove iyi inouya kubva kunguva dzekare. Iyo ine chaiyo prehistoric uye inotyisa kutarisa.
Chinhu chinodzvinyirira uye chakatanhamara pamusoro pemhuka iyi inogona kunge iri shaya dzayo uye iyo inofamba neshure kumusana, izvo zvisiri chinhu kunze kwekumusoro kukuru kwekumusoro.. Inogona kuyera kusvika kumamita maviri pakureba.
Imhuka inodya inodya hove diki, crustaceans, cephalopods, nezvimwe.
Arowana
Ihove yeArowana ndeyeboka reosteoglosides, mhuka dzaivapo munguva yeJurassic. Mhuka iyi inogara munzvimbo dzeRwizi rweAmazon nenzvimbo dzeAfrica, Asia neAustralia.
Imhuka dzakasarudzika, nekuti vanokwanisa kusvetuka kusvika pamamita maviri pamusoro pemvura. Simba iri rinoshandiswa kutora shiri kana mamwe marudzi emhuka. Izvi zvinokoka kuvasarudzira semhuka dzinotyisa.