Phakathi kwezona zinto ziphilayo zakudala esizifumana emazantsi olwandle sinazo cnidarians. Yifylum eyakhiwe ngezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini kunye negama layo livela kwiiseli zazo. Babizwa ngokuba ziicnidocytes kwaye yile nto yenza ukuba ezi ntlobo zikhetheke. Okwangoku malunga ne-11.000 yeentlobo ze-cnidarians zaziwa zahlulwe zaziindidi ezahlukeneyo, uhlobo kunye neentlobo.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu, indawo yokuhlala kunye neentlobo eziphambili ze-cnidarians.
Iimpawu eziphambili ze-cnidarians
Phakathi kwazo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana ezenza eli qela lezilwanyana sifumana iikorale, i-jellyfish, ii-anemones kunye neekoloni. Kuma-cnidarians sifumana i-jellyfish ephambili evela kwihlabathi liphela. Ezi ziintlobo zaselwandle eziye zakwazi ukwenza ikholoni kwindawo enamanzi amatsha. Bahlala be-benthic kunye ne-sessile nto leyo ethetha ukuba bathintele ukuhamba. Ezinye zazo zincinci ngobukhulu kwaye zithathwa njengeplanktonic. Ubungakanani bezi zilwanyana buyahluka ukusuka kubukhulu obuncinci ukuya kwezinye ezingaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-20 ezibandakanya iithente.
Ezi zizinto ezinolungelelwaniso olubonakalayo kwaye ziyadibana. Oku kuthetha ukuba zikhula ngokwamagqabi embryonic ahlukeneyo abizwa ngokuba yi-ectoderm kunye ne-endoderm. Eyona nto ibalaseleyo kuninzi lwee-cnidarians siseli elihlabayo abafumana kulo eli gama. Imalunga neecnidocytes. Umlinganiso wayo osisigxina uthetha ukuba amanye amaqela anokuba njalo lungisa kwi-biradial, tetraradial okanye olunye uhlobo lolingano. IiCnidocyte ziiseli ezikwaziyo ukudubula nokufaka ityhefu kwixhoba lazo. Bazisebenzisa ekuzingeleni nasekuzikhuseleni kumarhamncwa anokubakho.
Banenqanaba lombutho weethishu kuba abanamalungu. Inkqubo yokwetyisa sisisu esimile okwengxowa esinomngxunya omnye wokungena ukutya kunye nokuphuma kwezinto ezingagaywanga. Iitente zokungena ziza kwinani ukusuka kwi-multiples ye-6 okanye ye-8. Ukuba zizinto ezindala kakhulu azibonisi cephalization. Iipateni zomzimba eziphambili esizifumanayo kule phylum yezilwanyana zezi: ipolyp kunye nejellyfish.
Into yokuqala ekufuneka siyazi phakathi komehluko phakathi kwe-polyp kunye ne-jellyfish kukushukuma kwabo. Ngelixa i-polyp i-sessile kwaye ine-cylindrical shape, i-jellyfish iyashenxiseka ngokupheleleyo kwaye inobume bentsimbi. Ipolyp kufuneka iqhotyoshelwe kumgangatho wolwandle osemhlabeni ngokuqhubekekayo kwaye iithambeka zayo zijonge phezulu. Ngokuchasene noko, i-jellyfish ineentsika kwaye umlomo ujonge ezantsi.
Ukwahlulahlula i-cnidarians
Iindidi ezininzi ze-cnidarians zivelisa iikholoni ezenziwa zizinto ezithile ezaziwa njengee-zooid ezizii-jellyfish kunye ne-polyp-like kunye zombini. Phakathi kweentlobo eziphambili ze-cnidarians ezahlulahlulwe sinazo Bayakwazi ukuvelisa kwakhona i-asexually ngee-polyps kunye nabanye ngesondo ngejellyfish. Ezinye zeentlobo zinokuqhubela phambili ukusuka kwinqanaba le-polyp ukuya kwi-jellyfish amatyeli aliqela kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi. Abanye babakho kuphela kwisigaba se polyp okanye kwisigaba sejellyfish.
Masibone ukuba zeziphi ezona klasi ziphambili ze-cnidarians:
Anthozoa
Eli klasi libandakanya zonke izilwanyana ezaziwa ngegama leanemones, ikorale kunye neentsiba zolwandle. Olu klasi lubonisa kuphela izilwanyana ezinesigaba se polyp. Banokuba nesizungu kunye nekholoniyali. I-polyp inokuvelisa kwakhona i-asexually okanye isondo kwaye ivelise iipolyps ezintsha. Ezi zilwanyana zincinci kwaye kufuneka zihlale zixwayiswe ngokusisigxina kwi-substrate. Iintsika ezifumaneka kwezi zilwanyana zifumaneka kwiziphinda-phindo ezi-6. Umgangatho wayo we-gastrovascular wahlulwe ngokwahlulahlula ezivela kwindawo ye-gastrodermis kunye ne-mesoglea. I-mesoglea yindawo ephakathi phakathi kweeseli ezimbini ze-embryonic ezaziwa ngokuba yi-ectoderm kunye ne-endoderm.
eCubozoa
Yiklasi ngaphakathi kwee-cnidarians ezibandakanya yonke ibhokisi yejellyfish kunye noonomeva baselwandle. Ezi ntlobo zibakhona kuphela kwisigaba sejellyfish. Inobume be cubic kwaye igama layo livela apho. Umda wale jellyfish u scalloped kwaye umda wayo usongele ngaphakathi ukwenza isakhiwo esifana nesigqubuthelo. Ke, Olu lwakhiwo lwee-cubozoans lubizwa ngokuba yi-velario. Ezi zilwanyana zivelile ukuba zilunywe yityhefu apha, kunokuba yingozi xa iluma abantu.
IHydrozoa
Eli qela lezilwanyana alaziwa ngokubanzi phantsi kwegama elithi hydromedusae. Uninzi lwezi ntlobo kukho ukutshintshana kwizizukulwana phakathi kwesigaba se-asexual polyp kunye nesigaba se-jellyfish sesini. Isigaba se-polyp sihlala senza kwi Ukusuka kwiikholoni zabantu abane-polymorphic. Oku kuthetha ukuba zinemilo eyahlukeneyo kwaye zivelisa ulwakhiwo lweekholoni zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo.
I-jellyfish yale klasi inesigqubuthelo esifana nesangaphambili kwaye ayinazo ii-cnidocytes kumgangatho wesisu. Iigonads zazo zinemvelaphi ye-ectodermal kwaye azinawo umgangatho wegastrovascular ohlukaniswe nge-septa.
ISypyphozoa
Eli qela lezilwanyana Benza ikakhulu ukuba babe nesigaba sejellyfish. Isigaba sayo se-polyp sincinci kakhulu. Xa ifikelela kwisigaba sejellyfish, abanaso isigqubuthelo kodwa banxibe iimpahla kunye neecnidocyte kwisisu esiswini. Ngokungafaniyo neklasi ye-hydrozoa, eli klasi lama-cnidarians linomgangatho we-gastrovascular owenziwe nge-4 septa. Ngombulelo kokwahlulwa, ine-symmetry engafaniyo eyahlula ibhegi yesisu kwiingxowa ezi-4 zesisu.
Ukondla kunye nokuzala kwakhona kwee-cnidarians
Olunye lweempawu eziphambili ezinazo ezi zilwanyana kukuba uninzi lwazo zizilwanyana ezitya inyama. Ukubamba ixhoba labo basebenzise iintambo zoncedo kunye ii-cnidocytes ezikhupha into ebabayo kunye netyhefu yexhoba.
Ngokubhekisele ekuvelisweni kwayo, inokuphinda ivelise ngokwesondo nangokwesini ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kwamanye amaqela kukho ukungafani phakathi kwesigaba se-polyp sokuveliswa kwe-asexual kunye nesigaba se-jellyfish sokuveliswa ngokwesondo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-cnidarians kunye neeklasi eziphambili kunye neentlobo ezikhoyo.