Namhlanje sihamba siye enzonzobileni yolwandle apho sifumana iintlobo zolwandle zahluke kakhulu kwezo sinazo ngaphezulu. Ezi fom sisiphumo senkqubo yokuhlengahlengisa kubunzulu kuba iimeko zahlukile. Phakathi kweentlobo ezinqabileyo kukho, sifumana intlanzi yesibane. Le yintlanzi yeenkwenkwezi yeli nqaku kwaye ndiyakuqinisekisa ukuba uyakothuka xa ufunda ngayo. Igama layo lenzululwazi ngu ICentrophryne spinulosa kwaye ihlala ubunzulu obungaphezulu kwe-4.000 yeemitha.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi zonke iimfihlelo malunga ne-lanternfish? Funda kwaye ufunde ngayo.
Ummandla we-Abyssal
Iintlanzi eziselwandle zineempawu ezahlukileyo kuba kufuneka zivumelane neemeko zokusingqongileyo ezintsha. Phakathi kwabo kukungabikho kwelanga, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lomoya, ukungabikho kwezityalo zaselwandle ezinje ngobulembu, njl. Zonke ezi meko zichaseneyo zenza ukuba iintlobo ezihlala kwezi nzulu zithande ukukhula kwamalungu azivumela ukuba ziqhelane ngcono kwaye zisinde.
Indawo apho kuhlala iintlanzi zezibane yaziwa ngokuba yindawo ye-abyssopelagic. Yindawo yolwandle engaphezulu kwe-4.000 yeemitha ubunzulu kwaye ime ngokungabikho kwelanga. Imeko yendawo iyabanda kwaye uxinzelelo lwehydrostatic lugqithisile. Ukungabikho kwezondlo, i-lanternfish iphuhlise amalungu aliqela okulungelelanisa. Phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba abantu bafike kule ndawo ukuze baqhube izifundo ezifanelekileyo ezinikezwe iimeko ezigwenxa.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Intlanzi yesibane inayo umlinganiselo weesentimitha ezingama-23 ubude. Intloko yayo inkulu kakhulu kwaye imihlathi yona inkulu njengentloko. Inamazinyo angamarhoqorhoqo kwaye aphinde abuye akwazi ukubamba ixhoba kakuhle. Ine-dimorphism yesondo, ke kulula ukuyibona eyindoda nebhinqa.
Umbala wolusu ujike ube bomvu ubemnyama kwaye inenani elikhulu leentsiba ezimxinwa. Isihlomelo simi kufutshane neziphu kwaye saziwa njenge-Illicium. Banentshebe ye-hyoid ebanceda ukuba bahluke ngokulula kwezinye iintlobo.
Ngokuphathelele inyama yayo, inamanzi amaninzi. Ngokuba namanzi amaninzi kulusu, amathambo akhaphukhaphu kwaye zigqunywe ngomaleko omncinci wecalcium carbonate.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye nokutya
Ukufumana olu hlobo kufuneka uye kulo uLwandlekazi lwePasifiki ukusuka eBaja California ukuya emazantsi eeMarquesas Islands kunye neGulf of California. Ikwabanjiwe emanzini aseNew Guinea, kuLwandle lwase China lwase China, eVenezuela naseMozambique Channel. Oku kwenza ukuba i-lanternfish ibenoluhlu olubanzi kumanzi akweleenjiko kunye nakwezifudumeleyo.
Iintlanzi ezifundiweyo babanjwe kubunzulu beemitha ezingama-650 ngo-2000. Inoluhlu olunzulu ngolu hlobo, le ntlanzi ibonwe iphila malunga namaxesha angama-25 okoko yafunyanwa.
Ngokumalunga nokutya kwayo, itya kakhulu. Njengo intlanzi yelanga Zondla kwiintlanzi ezincinci ezifumaneka kwindawo enye yokuhlala. Zizo iingcali zokwenene kwilizwe lokuzingela. Batsala ixhoba ngesihlomelo esibizwa ngalo. Njengokuba ixhoba lisondela, zivula imilomo yazo emikhulu ukuze zigqume ngokupheleleyo.
Ziyakwazi ukuginya ixhoba eliphindwe kabini kubukhulu bazo ukuba nomlomo u-elastic. Ayisiyiyo kuphela into ene-elastic emlonyeni ukuze ikwazi ukuginya iintlobo eziphindwe kabini kubukhulu bayo, kodwa ikwanesisu esandayo.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona
Xa kuziwa ekuveliseni kwakhona, le ntlanzi inomdla kakhulu. Umfazi une-ovary enye ehambelana kunye noqikelelo lwe-epithelium. Olu qikelelo luyafana ne-villi. Ngomdla ongakumbi, eyindoda iba luhlobo lwesidleleli xa idibana nemazi. Indoda kufuneka ihlale ixesha elide ikhangela eyasetyhini inikwe iimeko zokusingqongileyo apho ifunyenwe khona.
Ubumnyama, ukunqongophala kwezakhamzimba kunye nobomi obunzima be-abyssal bottoms kuthetha ukuba, xa indoda idibana nemazi yayo, bayayivuselela inkanuko yesini. Imalunga nokudibana kwendoda neyasetyhini ngokuzibandakanya kwamazinyo. Ukuvelisa isidoda esivumela ukuchumisa amaqanda kwabaselula, indoda iyasela igazi lomntu obhinqileyo ngelixa ikhubaza ngamazinyo ayo.
Ngokunikwa kweemeko ezigwenxa ekuhlala kuzo i-lanternfish, ukubamba ezi sampuli kuba yinto enzima ngokwenene ebantwini. Zingama-25 kuphela iisampulu eziye zafakwa ukususela oko ezi ntlobo zafunyanwa. Ngaphandle koku, olu luhlobo luye lwaduma kakhulu ngenxa yeempawu zalo ezizodwa. Kuyathenjwa ukuba abantu bangaphuhlisa itekhnoloji ekwaziyo ukufunda nzulu kulwandle olunzulu ukuze bafumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nendawo ezihlala kuyo kunye nokuziphatha kwezi ntlobo ngaphandle kokubangela ukonakaliswa kwendalo yaselwandle.
Ayisiyiyo kuphela i-lanternfish enxulumene ngokusondeleyo neebhaktiriya ze-fluorescent, kodwa kukho iintlobo ezininzi. Ndiyabulela kolu khanyiso luncinci, banokusombulula ngandlel 'ithile ukunqongophala kokukhanya kummandla wenzonzobila. Ezi ntsholongwane zenza amalungu athile omzimba akhanye kwaye asebenze ukuze iintlanzi zihambe kwaye zondle. Ikwabanceda ukuba babone phakathi kwamalungu ohlobo olunye ukubona ukuba ngaba ukuhlangana kunye nokuzala kunokwenzeka.
Umnqweno wentlanzi yelanteni
Ngaphandle kokuhlala enzulwini, le ntlanzi iyachaphazeleka ngabantu. Kuqheleke kakhulu kwizitya kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi ngenxa yencasa yayo emnandi. Ukubanjwa kwayo kunokwenzeka ngenxa yeziphumo zento El Niño. Kukudodobala kobushushu bamanzi obangela ukuba i-lanternfish ife kwaye ibonakale kumphezulu odadayo.
Ikwachaphazeleka kukuchithwa kwe-asidi yolwandle okubangela utshintsho lwemozulu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungazazi iintlanzi zelanteni kunye nezinto zayo ezinkulu ezingcono.
Wow unomdla omkhulu, sinethemba lokuba utshintsho lwemozulu aluchaphazeli ubunzulu bolwandle kuba ezi ntlanzi zinokuba bubutyebi bolwazi malunga nolwandle, kufuneka silinde itekhnoloji yokuhamba ngaphezulu kwe-1000 m ubunzulu elwandle.
Uhambelana njani umbane ngethotshi, yeyiphi inkqubo yokwenza ukuba isibane sisebenze, kutheni senziwa?