Inkwenkwezi Ziyi-echinoderms ezingenayo ukuhamba kwaye ukanti zizidalwa eziphilayo. Aziqhelekanga kwaye zihlala elwandle. Uqhele ukuthetha ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo de peces, eli nqaku likhethekile kwaye linomdla. Ezi zilwanyana zifana kwaye zihlobene ne-urchins yolwandle kunye iziponji. Igama lezesayensi ngu-Asteroidea kwaye sinokufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo esiza kubona kuzo zonke izithuba.
Ngaba uyafuna ukufunda yonke into malunga ne-starfish? Qhubeka ufunda kuba eli nqaku ligcwele ulwazi oluxabisekileyo 🙂
Iimpawu eziphambili
I-starfish yahlukile kwezinye iindidi ezininzi ezinjengeentlanzi esiqhele ukuthetha nazo ngeendlela ezininzi. Into yokuqala kukuba abayifuni imiphunga yokuphefumla. Banomngxuma apho benza khona utshintshiselwano ngegesi ukwazisa ioksijini enyibilikileyo emanzini emzimbeni wakho.
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izilwanyana ezininzi, zihlala ixesha elide, ziyakwazi ukufikelela kwiminyaka engama-35 ukuba iimeko ziyavuma. Kuxhomekeka kwiimeko kunye nohlobo, zizilwanyana ezinokuba nobunzima ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5 kg. Ulusu lwayo lurhabaxa kwaye lwenziwe ngengubo enganyangekiyo yokwakheka kwecalcium carbonate. Siyabulela kule ngubo ayifumaneki kwaye inokukhuselwa kwizilwanyana.
I-starfish ineendawo ezi-5 ezijikeleze umzimba ongaphakathi omile okwe disk. Zizo ezi zilwanyana ezinemilinganiselo emihlanu ye-symmetry. Ezinye iintlobo ezonyusa inani lamalungu ziyakwazi ukuba neengalo ezingama-40.
Nangona zingenakushenxiswa ukusukela oko i-calcium carbonate coating ingakuvumeli oko, zinokuhamba ukusuka kwenye indawo ziye kwenye. Kukho iintlobo, nangona zingenayo intshukumo ebhengeziweyo, ziyakwazi ukuhambisa amalungu athile omzimba. Ukuhamba bayarhubuluza emhlabeni kuba bengakwazi ukudada. Iingalo zigutyungelwe ngamalungu afanayo nokubamba kunye neekomityi zokutsala abazisebenzisayo ukukhupha umoya ngokuqhutywa kwaye bakwazi ukuhamba kancinci ukunqumla umgangatho wolwandle.
Kwiingcebiso zeengalo banezivamvo ezibanceda ukufumana, ekuboneni ubungakanani bokukhanya okukhoyo kwaye yile ndlela abakufumana ngayo ukutya abakudingayo ukuze baphile.
Iindidi zeenkwenkwezi
I-Starfish iquka amawaka eentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezineempawu ezahlukileyo nganye nganye. Zisasazwe kwihlabathi liphela. Ezona zaziwa kakhulu ngobuninzi kunye nokusasazeka kwazo kwimithombo yeendaba zezo zohlobo lweenkwenkwezi ezintlanu ezixhobileyo. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, oku akusoloko kunjalo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ufumane iisampulu zezinye iintlobo ze-echinoderms ukuya kuthi ga kwiingalo ezingama-5.
Ngoku siza kubona ezinye zezona ntlobo zaziwayo.
IBrisingida
Yinkwenkwezi zenziwe phakathi kweengalo ezi-6 nezili-16. Olu hlobo lwe-starfish lubandakanya iintsapho ezintandathu kunye ne-16 genera yeenkwenkwezi zaselwandle, ezifanayo nezenziwe ziingalo.
Ukunyanzelwa
Olu hlobo luqulathe iintlobo ezingama-400 ezisasazwa kwiintsapho ezi-6 ezikwisigaba esingama-70. Olona phawu lwalo lubalulekileyo kukuba neepedula zokuhamba ngenyawo ezibonakalayo kumphezulu womzimba.
I-Notomyotide
Olu hlobo lwenkwenkwezi luneentlobo ezingama-70 ezikwizigama ezili-12. Ezi zingalo zibhetyebhetye ngakumbi kunaleyo yeenkwenkwezi ezininzi. Le ntshukumo ibangelwa kukuba banamabhendi emisipha ecaleni komphezulu wabo wangaphakathi obavumela ukuba bashukume kwaye bancede ekuhambeni kwabo kunye nesantya somoya esikhankanywe ngasentla.
IVelatida
Le starfish inomzimba owomeleleyo onediski enkulu embindini womzimba kunye noxinzelelo oluncinci. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-300 zevelatida kwizizukulwana ezingama-25 kunye neentsapho ezi-5.
UValvatida
Zezona zaziwayo ehlabathini. Kukho iindidi ezingama-700 zizonke ezingama-170 kunye neentsapho ezili-14. Ziyaziwa kakhulu ngokuba neengalo ezi-5.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye nokutya
I-Starfish ihlala phantse kuzo zonke iindawo zokuhlala zaselwandle. Zisengozini yokungcoliseka njengoko zitsala amanzi ngqo emzimbeni wakho ukuze zicoca ioksijini echithakeleyo. Ke, ukuba amanzi angcolisekile bafa benxilile kwaye barhaxwe.
Kwiilwandlekazi nakwiilwandlekazi, ezi zilwanyana zenza indawo enkulu ekhoyo kwizinto eziphilayo. Bakwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kumgangatho wolwandle kunye noluntu oluhlala kulo. Iindawo zokuhlala apho sinokuzifumana khona lulwandle, unxweme olunamatye, iibhedi zohlaza lwaselwandle, iingqaqa zekorale, ingca yolwandle, amachibi aselwandle namazantsi esanti ukuya kuthi ga kwi-9.000 yeemitha zobumnyama apho ezinye iintlanzi zenzonzobila zihlala khona.
Ngokutya, i-starfish itya kakhulu kwiimollusk ezinje ngeembatyisi, iminenke kunye neembumbulu. Ukuzondla ngokwabo baneendlela ezithile eziziziphumo zokuzivelela kunye nokulungelelanisa. Nje ukuba i-starfish incamathisele umzimba wayo kwixhoba efuna ukuwungenisa, isolulela isisu sayo ngaphandle, isikhuphe ngomlomo wayo. Isisu sivelisa ii-enzymes ezinakho ukuthoba isidima ixhoba lide lifike ngokupheleleyo. Oku kunceda ukutya kuye ngqo esiswini kwaye kunokugaya ngokulula nangokupheleleyo. Izilwanyana ezincinci zilula ukuxhamla i-starfish.
Ngokuchasene nabo, amarhamncwa aphambili ezi echinoderms ziokrebe ezifana ukrebe omhlophe o inkunzi krebe, imitha ye-manta, ezinye iintlanzi ezinkulu kunye nezinye iintlobo de peces.
Indlela yokuphila
Ukuzikhusela kumarhamncwa, zisebenzisa iindlela ezithile zokuzikhusela ezifana nolusu oluqinileyo nameva, eminye inemibala eqaqambileyo ukuze ibonakale inetyhefu kwaye iyakwazi ukuzifihla phakathi kwezityalo kunye neekorale okanye ilahlekelwe yingalo ukuze iqhubeke iphila.
Ezi zilwanyana azihlali kwaphelaEndaweni yoko, bahlala bodwa ubomi babo bonke. Ngamanye amaxesha banokubonwa kunye nabanye ngamaxesha apho kukho ukutya okuninzi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga ne-starfish.