Zingaphi iintlobo de peces zikhona?

Ekuqaleni, umbuzo ubonakala unzima kakhulu ukuwuphendula. Nangona kunjalo, kuyinyani ukuba kwenziwe uphando oluninzi, kwaye kancinci kancinci kuyenziwa ukufumana elona nani lichanekileyo iintlobo de peces ezikhoyo kwiplanethi. Kucacile ukuba ayembalwa, kuba amatsha afunyanwa rhoqo.

Ezi zilwanyana zinobubele zihlala emilanjeni, kumachibi, kwiilwandle kunye neelwandle zibonelela ngombala, uvuyo kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, njengezinye izilwanyana ezininzi, kukho uluhlu olukhulu de peces ngaphaya kwento esiqhele ukuyibona kwaye sikufutshane nathi.

Siza kusebenzisa uthungelwano lwenethiwekhi ukwenza ifayile ye- ukubala uqikelelo lobuncinci be iintlobo de peces ukuba bayazi. Uninzi lwazo luhlelwe. Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba abatsha bafunyanwa ngamaxesha athile, sizama ukutyhila iimfihlo zabo zonke ngokukhawuleza.

Kule nqaku siza kujongana nale nto: zingaphi iintlobo de peces zikhona, zithini iimpawu zayo, njl. Ngale nto, yenzelwe ukuba usondele kwezi zidalwa zikhethekileyo kwaye wazi ngakumbi ngazo.

Ulwazi jikelele

Xa zizonke, kukho umhlaba malunga neplanethi Iindidi ezingama-27.000 de peces abazanayo. Zininzi, kuyinyaniso, kodwa njengoko besesitshilo, elo nani liyanda rhoqo, ngenxa yohlobo olutsha olufunyanwayo. Kweli nani kufuneka songeze ukuba lahlulwe ngokweentsapho ezingama-400 ezahlukeneyo.

Kwelinye icala, Iintsapho ezili-400 Esikhe satsho ukuba sihlomle, bohlulwa-hlulwa baba ziiklasi ezibini kunye neeklasi ezingaphantsi ezimbini nganye. Ezi ndidi zenziwe, ewe, ukwenzela ukuba zonke iintlobo zihlelwe, kuba oku kunceda kakhulu kuphando lwexesha elizayo.

Masenze amanye amanani. Kwiintlobo ezingama-25.000 ezaziwayo, i-8%, oko kukuthi, iyonke 8.000, zigcinwa njengeentlanzi zokuhombisa. Kuya kufuneka sitsho ukuba awona maqela abaluleke kakhulu zii-cyprinids, iicharacins, ikatfish, icarp, ilabyrinths kunye neeicichlids.

Inyaniso yileyo ikhathalogu uhlobo de peces Ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu, kodwa wenziwa kancinci kancinci, unceda kakhulu. Lo msebenzi ukholisa ukwenziwa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabantu, nangona oko kungakhathaliseki nokuba kumalunga nomsebenzi. Ingongoma kukuzisa yonke into kwisigqibo esiyimpumelelo.

Asazi ukuba siya kuze siyazi i Inani lilonke zezinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo, kodwa okwangoku, umsebenzi kufuneka uqhubeke phambili, wenze zonke iinzame zokunika zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana, ubuncinci, esizaziyo. Siqinisekile ukuba sinokumangaliswa ngaphezulu kwesinye.

Umxholo wentlanzi kunye nomxholo wezinto eziphilayo

Iintlanzi zineempawu ezininzi ezahlulahlula kubo bonke abanye abemi bomhlaba. Enye yazo, eyeyona ibalaseleyo, kukuba zezinye zazo ezomqolo ezindala.

Ngokukodwa, xa sithetha ngeentlanzi sibhekisa "kwizilwanyana ezinomqolo wokujikeleza ngokulula, ezinikezwe amaphiko, nomzimba ogqunywe ngokubanzi ngezikali, ophefumla ngeentaka kwaye uvelise ngamaqanda".

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, phakathi kweqela esilibiza ngokuthi "intlanzi" kunokubakho izahlulo ezininzi okanye amacandelwana abizwa ngokuba ziintlobo. de peces. Ewe, sisenokuba siye seva rhoqo malunga neentlobo zezilwanyana kodwa... ngaba ngokwenene siyazi ukuba yintoni na uhlobo lwendalo? Siza kuchaza apha ngezantsi, ukuze esi sicatshulwa siqonde ngakumbi.

Uhlobo, ngeli xesha a iintlobo zebhayoloji, iseti yezinto eziphilayo okanye abantu bendalo abakwaziyo ukuzala kunye nokuvelisa inzala echumileyo, kodwa ayinakwenza njalo ngamalungu ezinye iintlobo.

Iintlobo de peces

Ukuvavanya inani leentlobo ezikhoyo kwisilwanyana esinikiweyo ngokuqinisekileyo ngumsebenzi onzima. Ukuyifeza, uninzi lwezifundo, umsebenzi wasentsimini kunye nezinye iindlela zobuchule ziyafuneka ezisikhokelela ekufezekiseni le njongo.

Ngaphakathi kweentlanzi, lo msebenzi sele uphuhlisiwe kwaye wahlaziywa ngendlela esisigxina, esikhokelela kwinto yokuba, namhlanje, kuqikelelwa ukuba zizonke 27 iintlobo de peces abo bahlala emanzini ethu. Oku, xa kuguqulelwa kwamanye amagama, kuthetha ukuba i-akhawunti yeentlanzi iipesenti eziyi-9,62 zazo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana zomhlaba.

Ngokulandelayo, ukwenza ukuba kube lula ukufumanisa kunye nezinye, zonke ezi ntlobo ziye zadweliswa ngokusekwe kukufana kwazo kumaqela ahlukeneyo.

Ikakhulu, kukho amaqela amane eentlobo de peces eziye zavela: Iintlanzi ezingenamhlathi, iintlanzi ezinamathambo kunye nentlanzi emathambo.

Emva kwexesha siza kuchaza ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ngalinye kula maqela libizwa ngokuba iiklasi okanye iiglasi ezinkulu.

Iiklasi de peces hayi imihlathi

Eyokuqala kwezi klasi sixoxe ngazo kwicandelo elidlulileyo ibandakanya iintlanzi ngaphandle kwemihlathi okanye iintlanzi agnate, Yahlulwe yaba zizibane kunye nehagfish.

Las izibane, Ukukunika umbono omncinci, zininzi kakhulu, ziyafana nee-eels. Ewe abanalo naluphi na uhlobo lobudlelwane phakathi kwabo. Banomzimba odibeneyo, i-gelatinous ene-cylindrical shape. Ulusu lwabo luyakhazimla kwaye luyabhabha kwaye luyatyibilika. Banokuhlala emanzini anetyiwa kunye namanzi amatsha kwaye bavelise ngamaqanda.

Kwelabo icala, hagfishEyaziwa njengeentlanzi zobugqwirha, ziphakathi kwezilwanyana ezinomqolo ezindala kule planethi. Ngokwenene, ezi ntlanzi zizidalwa ezingaqhelekanga. Umzimba wayo mde kwaye, njengakwimeko yesibane, ugqunywe ngokupheleleyo yi-gelatinous, sticky substance, njl. Ukungabikho kwemihlathi, bakhulise isibini sezakhiwo ezibekwe kwindawo engaphandle yomlomo ebavumela ukuba babambe ixhoba labo. Ukongeza, amatyeli aliqela bangena kwindalo yezinye izilwanyana eziphilileyo, abaziluma baqwenge amathumbu abo ngenxa yolwimi oluqhubayo nolunamazinyo. Nangona kunjalo, le nto ayiqhelekanga kuba bahlala betya inyama yezilwanyana ezifileyo. Bahlala emazantsi olwandle apho ukukhanya kunqabile khona, okuye kwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lweemvakalelo zabo.

Iintlobo de Peces i-cartilaginous

Los Intlanzi enkulu bakwayenye yezona zinto zidala. Olona phawu lwayo luphambili kukuba amathambo alo awenziwanga ngamathambo, kodwa ayilwe ziziqwenga. Bakwabetha nokubonisa ii-gill slits zangaphandle. Xa sithetha ngayo Intlanzi enkulu sithetha ngayo ukrebe, imitha kunye neekhamera.

Ookrebe, ekwabizwa ngokuba ukrebeZezinye zezona rhamncwa zinamandla kubukumkani bezilwanyana. Ngokwenyani, abatshintshanga kangako ngokwe-morphology, kungatsho ukuba bahlala bekhuselekile ekuhambeni kwexesha.

I-Stingrays yabelana ngeempawu ezininzi ezifanayo kunye nabalinganiswa babo bangaphambili, ookrebe. Bahluke kakhulu kubo ngokuba nomzimba ohlelwe kwindawo ye-ventral eyamkela imilo ethe tyaba.

Ekugqibeleni sifumana iitshera. Ezi ntlanzi zezinye zezilwanyana ezinqabileyo nezindala ezikhoyo. Namhlanje zimbalwa kakhulu iintlobo zeekhamera ezisindayo. Ukufumana umbono, ngokubhekisele kwimilo, bahamba phakathi kweentlanzi kunye nemitha. Zihlala zibizwa ngegama elithi Iintlanzi zempuku kwaye bahlala emanzini anzulu olwandle.

Iiklasi de peces ithambo

Kuzo zonke iintlobo zezo de peces Kukho, ezo ziphantsi kwe-ambrella yezo zibizwa ngokuba yi-bony fish zezona zixhaphakileyo kwaye siqhele ukuzibona. Ifowunelwe intlanzi emathambo ngenxa yokuba amathambo abo enziwe ngamathambo kwaye banee-gill ezikhuselwe zizigulana. Ngokusekwe kwimiphetho yazo, iintlanzi ezinamathambo zinokwahlula phakathi Intlanzi ye-actinopterygian y Iintlanzi ze-sarcopterygian.

Intlanzi yeActinopterygian ziintlanzi ezinobhontsi ezinamaphiko azo zinikezelwa ngezakhiwo ezibizwa ngokuba yimitha.

Iintlanzi zeSarcopterygian ziintlanzi ezinamathambo eziye zalinda amaphiko. Njengomdla, babengookhokho bee-amphibians.