Ama-Amphibians yizilwane ezinomgogodla Babonakala ngesikhumba sabo esingenalutho, ngaphandle kwezikali.
Kule ndatshana sizochaza zonke izimfihlo zalezi zilwane, siqale nge ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-amphibians, izinhlobo zezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini ezikhona, ezinye izibonelo kanye nezinye izifiso eziqinisekile ezingaba wusizo olukhulu kuwe.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-amphibians
Ukuba oviparous, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-amphibians kungenxa yamaqanda. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane ezincelisayo zizalanisa kusuka ekukhulelweni kwangaphakathi (ngaphakathi kowesifazane) ngenkathi ama-amphibians enza ukukhulelwa kwangaphandle.
La ukukhulelwa kwama-amphibian kwenzeka emanzini amasha, ngoba lolu hlobo lwamanzi kuzoba yilo oluvikela amaqanda ngenkathi ekhula futhi luvumela ama-amphibians ukuthi angadingi okunamathiselwe embryonic, njenge-amniotic sac noma i-allantois, yingakho ezinye zezici ezihlukile kwezinye izilwane ezinomgogodla womhlaba.
Ukufakelwa kumuntu wangaphandle kulandela inqubo ethile: owesilisa uphethe owesifazane, obeka amaqanda. Njengoba lezi ziphuma, eyeduna iyahamba kuchithela isidoda sabo kubo bese befaka umquba. Amaqanda ahlala emanzini akha izintambo noma anamathiselwe ezimileni zasemanzini. Izibungu zamanzi zivela kubo futhi.
Kokubili ezinhlanzi nasezilwaneni eziphila ezweni, lapho kutholakala khona ukukhulelwa kwangaphandle, amaqanda anesembozo esincane, ngoba i-spermatozoa kufanele iwele ukuze ukukhulelwa kwenzeke. Ngalesi sizathu, la maqanda kufanele abekwe emanzini anamathiselwe komunye nomunye, akhe amaqoqo amakhulu.
Ama-Amphibians azalwa njengo- isibungu samanzi esihamba ngomsila futhi uphefumula ngemigodi. Lapho isibungu, esibizwa ngokuthi unoshobishobi, sesikhule ngokwanele, siyaqhubeka nenqubo ye- ukuguqulwa okuphelele. Ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamaxoxo asemahlathini emvula, lezi zici ekugcineni zizonyamalala futhi zizothathelwa indawo ngamaphaphu nemilenze njengoba onoshobishobi bekhula bekhula.
Lesi sigaba sama-amphibians angama-vertebrate sakhiwe amaxoxo, amasele, ama-salamanders kanye nama-caecilians asemanzini. Lawa ma-amphibian anekhono lokuhlala ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamanzi, yize edinga ukuhlala emanzi njalo njengoba kuyindlela yawo yokuphefumula.
Izilwane zase-Amphibian, ziyini?
NgesiLatin igama elithi amphibian linencazelo eyingqayizivele, ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "izimpilo ezimbili". Futhi ukuthi lokhu kuyinto eyingqayizivele yalezi zilwane, ezikwazi ukuguqula futhi zenze imisebenzi yazo yemvelo ku imvelo emibili ehlukene: umhlaba kanye nezindawo zasemanzini. Kodwa-ke, sizocubungula kancane kancane encazelweni yama-amphibian.
Ama-Amphibian ayingxenye yalowo mndeni omkhulu wezidalwa eziphilayo ezihlukaniswe njenge okunomgogodla (banamathambo, okungukuthi, amathambo angaphakathi) amanniotes (Umbungu wakho ukhula ube izimvilophu ezine ezihlukene: i-chorion, i-allantois, i-amnion, ne-yolk sac, kwakheke indawo enamanzi lapho engaphefumula futhi ondle) tetrapodi (banemilenze emine, i-ambulensi noma iyakhohlisa) futhi sibhabhe (Zinokushisa okuguquguqukayo komzimba).
Banenkathi ebizwa ukuguqulwa komzimba ' Phakathi kwezinguquko ezivelele ezikhona, ukudlula kusuka ezigulini (ezintsha) kuya emaphashini (abantu abadala).
Izinhlobo zama-amphibians
Ngaphakathi kwalo mndeni omkhulu owakhiwa ama-amphibians, singenza ukuhlukaniswa okuncane ngokususelwa kuma-oda amathathu: ama-anurans, caudates o urodeles y apodal o ukuzivocavoca.
I-Los ama-anurans Ziyizinhlobo zezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini eziqoqwe ndawonye nazo zonke lezo zasemanzini esaziwa kakhulu njengamaxoxo namasele. Qaphela, ixoxo neselesele akuzona izinhlobo ezifanayo. Zihlanganiswe ndawonye ngokufana kwazo nokuziphatha kwazo.
I-Los urodeles Zingezinye izinhlobo zezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini ziyehluka ngokuba nomsila omude nesiqu esinonwetshiwe. Amehlo abo awakhuliswanga ngokweqile futhi ambozwe isikhumba esihle. Lapha sithola ama-newts, ama-salamanders, ama-proteos nama-mermaids.
Ekugcineni, kunezinhlobo ze- izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, okuyizinto ezikhetheke kunazo zonke ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo. Zifana ncamashi nesibungu noma isibungu somhlaba ngoba azinamalungu omzimba futhi umzimba wazo uphakeme.
Izici ze-Amphibian
Njengoba sishilo phambilini, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini yizilwane ezinomgogodla, futhi "zinelungelo" lokuba yizo okudala kakhulu yalesi sigaba sezilwane ezihlala emhlabeni. Kuthiwa bebekhona cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-300, cishe lutho!
Banemilenze emine: amabili ngaphambili nangemuva amabili. Lezi zitho zaziwa ngegama elithusayo lika i-quirido. I-quiridus ibonakala ngokuba ne-morphology efana nesandla somuntu, eneminwe emine emilenzeni yangaphambili, nangemuva emihlanu. Amanye ama-amphibian amaningi nawo anesitho sesihlanu esifana nomsila.
Ukuba izidalwa eziphilayo ze igazi elibandayo, izinga lokushisa komzimba wabo lincike, futhi kakhulu, endaweni abakuyo, ngoba abakwazi ukulawula ukushisa kwabo kwangaphakathi. Lesi ngesinye sezimbangela zokuphoqelelwa kwamandla okubaholele ekutheni bavumelane nempilo esemanzini nasemhlabeni. Lezi zinhlelo ezimbili zikusiza ukuthi ugweme ukushisa noma ukupholisa umzimba wakho.
wakhe oviparousnjengoba achanyuselwa emaqandeni. Ngowesifazane ophethe ukufaka la maqanda futhi uhlala enza njalo endaweni yasemanzini, yingakho izinhlobo ezincane zinohlelo lokuphefumula olunezikali.
Isikhumba salezi zinto eziphilayo kuvunyelwe, ukwazi ukuwela ngama-molecule ahlukahlukene, amagesi nezinye izinhlayiya. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukufihla izinto ezinobuthi ngesikhumba sazo njengohlelo lokuzivikela ezingozini zangaphandle.
Ngisho nokugxila esikhunjeni sakho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu kunjalo okumanzi nokuhlala abantu ngezikali, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezizithweleyo. Lesi simo sibavumela ukuthi bamunce kahle amanzi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ne-oxygen. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kubenza babe sengozini enkulu ezinkambisweni ze ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi. Uma i-amphibian isendaweni ephansi yomswakama, isikhumba sayo sizoma ngokushesha, okungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ngisho nasekufeni.
Lezi zilwane zinohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi ingxenye yazo enkulu i- a inhliziyo emangelengele yakhiwa ama-atria amabili kanye ne-ventricle. Ukusakazwa kwayo kuvaliwe, kukabili futhi akuphelele.
Amehlo avame ukuba makhulu futhi, kunalokho, ayaqhuma, okwenza kube lula inkambu enkulu yokubuka ifanele kakhulu lapho izingela inyamazane engaba khona. Kukhona okuhlukile njengama-newts.
Yize kungahle kungabonakali njengokufana nakho, ama-amphibian zinamazinyo, yize lokhu kungavamile. Umsebenzi wawo ukusiza ukubamba ukudla. Ulimi luba futhi ithuluzi eliphelele lokuthwebula ezinye izilwane ezincane. Bethula ifayili le- isisu esimise okwethanga, enamathumbu amakhulu amafushane, izinso ezimbili, kanye nesinye somchamo.
Izibonelo zama-amphibians
Njengamanje, kunezinhlu ezihlanganisiwe ezungeze ezinye Izinhlobo ezingama-3.500 XNUMX zama-amphibians. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi, ekulinganiseleni kwabo, babikezela ukuthi inani eliphelele kungenzeka lizungeze i- 6.400.
Lapho sicabanga ngama-amphibians, isithombe sexoxo noma iselesele sihlala sivela emakhanda ethu, kepha futhi sinezinye izilwane ezinjengama-newt nama-salamanders.
Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje zezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, yize kunjalo, kunezinye eziningi:
Anderson intulo (Ambystoma andersoni)
Lolu hlobo lwentulo lwaziwa nangokuthi i-axolotl noma i-purepecha achoque. Kuyisimo esikhona, okusho ukuthi, sikhona kuphela endaweni ethile. Kulokhu, uhlala eZacapu Lagoon, esifundeni saseMichoacán (Mexico).
Kubonakala kakhulu ngokuba nomzimba ojiyile, umsila omfushane kanye namaphika. Umbala wayo osawolintshi noma obomvu, ongezwe ezindaweni zawo ezimnyama ezinwebela kuwo wonke umzimba wayo, kuyenza ingabonakali.
I-Marbled Newt (Triturus marmoratus)
Lesi silwane sitholakala ikakhulukazi endaweni yaseYurophu, ikakhulukazi enyakatho yeSpain nasempumalanga yeFrance. Inombala oluhlaza ohambisana namathoni aluhlaza ashaqisayo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlane wayo uwele ngomugqa oyingqayizivele omile mpo wombala obomvu.
Inzwane ejwayelekile (iBufo bufo)
Kuvamile kakhulu ukuyithola cishe kulo lonke izwekazi laseYurophu nasengxenyeni ye-Asia. Ikhetha izindawo zokuhlala ezinamanzi amile, izindawo eziniselwa ngenkasa, njll. Mhlawumbe, ukumelana nezimo zokuphila emanzini angahlanzekile kwenze kwaba ngesinye sezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini. Ayinemibala egqamile, kepha isikhumba sayo sinethoni "ensundu", embozwe amaqhuqhuva amaningana ngendlela yezinsumpa.
Ixoxo leVermilion (Rana temporaria)
Njengezihlobo zayo ezicashunwe ngenhla, le amphibiya yenze iYurophu ne-Asia ikhaya layo. Yize ithanda izindawo ezinomswakama, lelixoxo lichitha isikhathi esiningi liphuma emanzini. Akuyona eyephethini yombala engaguquki, kepha umuntu ngamunye angaletha imibala ehlukile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, isikhumba esinsundu esinamabala amancane sithambekele kakhulu. Impumulo ekhonjiwe ingenye yezimpawu zayo.