Kule ndatshana, sizosuka ekuchazeni izinhlanzi ziye ezibayeni zasolwandle. Kulokhu, sizokhuluma ngakho abahleli bezinhlelo. Bayiqembu le-flatworms (yingakho igama labo) isigaba sabo phambilini sasiyiTurbellaria. Ngalesi sizathu, babizwa nangokuthi ama-mobsters. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-4500 ziyaziwa ngalezi zibungu, yingakho zibalulekile. Iningi lazo lingamanzi futhi lihlala ezindaweni eziphilayo ze-benthic. Kunezinye izinhlobo eziguqulelwe ezindaweni ezinomswakama.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ngokujula kwalezi zinambuzane zasolwandle, kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizongena kuzo i-biology, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemodi yamagilebhisiuku. Ungathanda ukuhlangana nabo?
Ukuhlukaniswa
Isigaba seTurbellaria kwakuthathwa njengeqembu lezikelemu ezithatha zonke lezo ezingezona ngempela izimuncagazi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuthuthuka komnotho, leli banga selinyamalele. Ngakho-ke, ama-planarians abhekwa njengamaqembu angama-paraphyletic afaka ama-flatworms angewona ama-parasites kanye nama-acellomorphs. Lezi zinguquko zibangelwa ukutadisha okukhulu kolayini wokuziphendukela kwalezi zilwane.
Izici eziyinhloko
Zingama-invertebrate angosayizi omncane kakhulu nobude obuhlukahluka impela. Singathola ama-specimens asukela kumamilimitha kuya ku-600mm ubude. Amaplanethi amakhulu amiswe njengeqabunga noma iribhoni.
Iningi lalezi zinhlobo zasemanzini. Izinhlobo ze-Benthic yilabo abahlala olwandle. Ngakho-ke, lezi zibungu zibhekwa njengezinto eziphilayo ze-benthic. Ngokuphathelene ne-morphology yayo, singathola inani elikhulu le-cilia kuwo wonke umzimba walo.
I-cilia isetshenziselwa ukudala ukunyakaza okuncane okwenza ama-microscopes azungezayo azungeze bona.
Ifana nezimpungushe
AmaPlanarians afana nezikelemu ezimbaxa ngokuhlangana ngokulingana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bane-axis longitudinal ehlukanisa izingxenye ezimbili zomzimba ezilinganayo. Ziyi-triblical ngoba zinolwelwesi lwesithathu lwamaseli angewona awombungu. Kwenzeka into efanayo ngabantu, singama-triblastics.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezilinganayo zombili, ama-planarians kanye nama-flatworms awanawo umgodi wangaphakathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthamba kwayo. Abanakho coelom, yingakho ahlukaniswa njenge-cellophane.
Esinye isici esihlukanisa ama-flatworms kwezinye izinhlobo ukungabikho kwezinhlelo zokuphefumula nokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngokungabi nalezi zinsiza, ikhono labo lokushintshanisa i-oksijini ne-carbon dioxide nemvelo liyancipha futhi lilinganiselwe. Kuyisizathu esenza ukuthi usayizi wayo ube mncane. Ukube ibinomzimba omkhulu, ibizokwengeza izidingo zokushintshaniswa kwegesi nezwe elingaphandle futhi ibingeke iphile. Ezinkulu ziyisicaba ukuze zingaguquli lokhu kushintshaniswa kwendawo enkulu.
Ngakho-ke uma la magajethi, eshintsha kanjani umoya-mpilo ne-CO2? Bakwenza ngomzimba wabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umgudu wokugaya ukudla unama-ramifications ukuze izakhamzimba zikwazi ukufinyelela kalula kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba. Lokhu kushintshaniswa kwegesi esikhunjeni kwenza amaplanethi abe sengozini yokuphelelwa amandla emzimbeni. Ngalesi sizathu kufanele bahlale ezindaweni ezinamanzi nezinomswakama lapho cishe kungenzeki ukuthi bathole amanzi emzimbeni.
Isistimu yezinzwa igxile ekhanda lapho kuvela khona amaqhuqhuva amaningana. Kusuka kula magatsha egciwane le-ganglia ezinzwa ezisakazeka emzimbeni wonke. Endabeni lapho zonakaliswe khona, zingakwazi ukuvuselela umzimba wazo uma zilahlekelwa yinoma iyiphi ingxenye. Bakwazi ngisho nokuvuselela ikhanda.
Izici ezikhethekile zabaplanethi
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, lezi zilwane zikhetheke ngempela futhi zehlukile. Iningi labo linempilo ekhululekile, ngokungafani nezikelemu eziyizikelemu. Ukuhlala olwandle kufanele bondle ezinye izilwane ezincane noma ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo.
Kukhona abanye abahleliwe abavame ukuhamba ezindaweni ezisogwini futhi bafinyelele ukwehluka kwabo okukhulu kakhulu ezixhotsheni zamakhorali. Bangabonakala bakha imiphakathi emikhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zinezindawo zokuhlala amanzi ahlanzekile futhi ezinye ziguqulelwa ezindaweni ezinomswakama emhlabeni. Labo abazama ukuhlala emhlabeni bakhetha izindawo ezimnyama nezinomswakama. Lokhu kungambozwa ngodoti futhi cishe njalo ngemikhuba yasebusuku, lapho kugcinwa khona umswakama kangcono.
Abanaso i-cuticle futhi ubuso bomzimba ungqimba olulodwa lwamaseli ane-cilia. Kwezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu azinayo i-cilia. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba inolwelwesi oluncane kakhulu lwemisipha kanye nezinye izindlala ezixhunywe ebusweni ngokusebenzisa izimbotshana. Bahlala befihla amafinyila nezinye izinto ezibasiza ukuthi bahlale bemanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ukuhambisa banezinketho eziningi. Izilwane ezincane kakhulu zasemanzini zisebenzisa i-cilia esikhunjeni sazo ukuzikhipha emanzini nokuhambahamba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinkulu ezingenayo i-cilia zidinga ukwenza ukunyakaza kwemisipha ukukhasa noma ukuhamba emanzini. Labo abahlala emhlabeni bayakwazi ukuphonsa imicu ye-snot ukwazi ukukhuphuka izindawo eziphakeme njengamadwala namagatsha.
Abanye abacwangcisi banezakhiwo ezifana nama-spicule wamakhorali nezipanji (izakhiwo ezinamabala noma ezinosilika) futhi zinikeza umzimba weplanaria ukubukeka okuyisidina.
Ukuzala
AmaPlanarians ayakwazi ukuzala kabusha ngokobulili nangokwezocansi. Ezinye zazo zizala ngokuqhekeza imizimba yazo. Bayakwazi ukuzihlanganisa ngokwabo ngokuhlukana okuguqukayo. Bangayenza futhi ngokweqile ngokufufusa.
Nokho, indlela eyaziwa kakhulu futhi ejwayelekile yokuzala kabusha ingokobulili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bonke abahleli bezinhlelo kumele bavundise amaqanda ngaphakathi ngokuhlangana nomunye umuntu. Zonke zingama-hermaphrodites ngakho-ke zingakwazi ukuzimela.
Ama-planarians angenayo i-coelom awanawo ama-gonads. Kepha ezinye zazo zinebhangqa elilodwa noma amaningi ama-ovari namasende. Amashubhu ama-Seminiferous aqala kusuka kumasende aphuma aye emithanjeni yemisipha.
Ezinhlotsheni eziningi amaqanda aqanduselwa ukunikeza izibonelo ezicishe zifane nezabantu abadala, kodwa ngosayizi omncane. Kwezinye izinhlobo amaqanda anika izibungu ezivuthwa endaweni yasemanzini.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, lezi zilwane zikhetheke kakhulu futhi zifuna ukwazi.