Phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo zasendulo esizithola ezansi kwezilwandle sinayo cnidarians. Kuyi-phylum eyakhiwe ngezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini futhi igama layo livela kumaseli ayo uqobo. Babizwa ngama-cnidocyte futhi yikho okwenza lezi zinhlobo zikhetheke. Njengamanje kunezinhlobo ezingama-11.000 zama-cnidarians ezaziwayo ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene, uhlobo kanye nezinhlobo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, izindawo zokuhlala nezinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-cnidarians.
Izici eziyinhloko zama-cnidarians
Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezakha leli qembu lezilwane sithola amakhorali, i-jellyfish, ama-anemone namakholoni. Kuma-cnidarians sithola i-jellyfish eyinhloko evela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Lezi yizinhlobo zasolwandle ezikwazile ukwenza ikoloni izindawo zamanzi ahlanzekile. Imvamisa i-benthic ne-sessile okusho ukuthi banomkhawulo wokuhamba. Ezinye zazo zincane ngosayizi futhi zibhekwa njengeplanktonic. Ubukhulu balezi zilwane buyahlukahluka kusuka kosayizi abancane ngeminye kuya kwamanye angaphezu kwamamitha angama-20 afaka izintambo.
Lezi yizinto eziphilayo ezine-symmetry ye-radial futhi ziyi-diblastic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zikhula kusuka emaqabungeni ahlukahlukene ombungu abizwa nge-ectoderm ne-endoderm. Okugqama iningi lama-cnidarians yiseli elihlabayo abathola kulo leli gama. Imayelana nama-cnidocyte. Ukulinganisa kwayo kwe-radial kusho ukuthi amanye amaqembu angaba njalo shintsha ube yi-biradial, tetraradial noma olunye uhlobo lwesimethri. Ama-cnidocyte amangqamuzana akwazi ukudubula nokufaka ushevu inyamazane yawo. Bayisebenzisela ukuzingela nokuzivikela ezilwaneni eziyingozi.
Banenani lokuhleleka kwezicubu ngoba abanazo izitho. Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla luyimbobo emise okwesaka enembobo eyodwa yokungena yokudla kanye nokuphuma kwento engakagayeki. Ama-tentacles angena ngenombolo esukela kokuphindaphindeka kuka-6 noma u-8. Ukuba yizinto zakudala kakhulu azilethi cephalization. Amaphethini omzimba amakhulu esiwathola ngaphakathi kwale phylum yezilwane yilawa: i-polyp ne-jellyfish.
Into yokuqala okufanele siyazi phakathi komehluko phakathi kwe-polyp ne-jellyfish ukuhamba kwazo. Ngenkathi i-polyp i-sessile futhi inomumo oyindilinga, i-jellyfish ihamba ngokuphelele futhi inesimo sensimbi. I-polyp kumele inamathiselwe phansi olwandle lomhlaba ngokuqhubekayo futhi iqondiswe phezulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-jellyfish inezintambo nomlomo ubheke phansi.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-cnidarians
Izinhlobo eziningi zama-cnidarians zikhiqiza amakholoni akhiwe ngezinto eziphilayo ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-zooid angama-jellyfish kanye ne-polyp-and and both. Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziyinhloko ama-cnidarians ahlukaniswa ngazo sinakho lokho ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha i-asexually ngama-polyps kanye nezinye ngokocansi nge-jellyfish. Ezinye zezinhlobo zingathuthuka kusuka ezigabeni ze-polyp ne-jellyfish amahlandla amaningi phakathi nomjikelezo wazo wokuphila. Abanye bavele kuphela esigabeni se-polyp noma esigabeni se-jellyfish.
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izigaba eziyinhloko zama-cnidarians:
Anthozoa
Lesi sigaba sifaka zonke izilwane ezaziwa ngama-anemones, amakhorali nezimpaphe zolwandle. Lesi sigaba sinezilwane ezinesigaba se-polyp kuphela. Bangaba bobabili abanesizungu nabamakoloni. I-polyp ingazala kabusha ngokwe-asexually noma ngokocansi futhi ikhiqize ama-polyps amasha. Lezi zilwane zi-sessile ngokuphelele futhi kufanele zihlale zixwayiswa unomphela nge-substrate. Izintambo ezenzeka kulezi zilwane zitholakala ekuphindaphindeni kuka-6. Ikhwalithi yayo yesisu ihlukaniswe ngama-partitions aqhamuka endaweni ye-gastrodermis kanye ne-mesoglea. I-mesoglea yindawo ephakathi nendawo phakathi kwamaseli amabili ombungu abizwa nge-ectoderm ne-endoderm.
eCubozoa
Kuyisigaba ngaphakathi kwama-cnidarians afaka wonke ama-jellyfish ebhokisi neminyovu yasolwandle. Lezi zinhlobo zikhona kuphela esigabeni se-jellyfish. Inesimo se-cubic futhi lapho igama layo livela khona. Unqenqema lwale-jellyfish lu-scalloped futhi umugqa walo ugoqeka ngaphakathi ukuze wakhe isakhiwo esifana nesembozo. Ngakho-ke, Lesi sakhiwo ama-cubozoans avelele kuso sibizwa nge-velario. Lezi zilwane zigqamile ngokuba nokulunywa okunobuthi lapha, zingaba yingozi uma ziluma abantu.
I-Hydrozoa
Leli qembu lezilwane ngokuvamile alaziwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi hydromedusae. Eziningi zalezi zinhlobo kunokushintshana ezizukulwaneni phakathi kwesigaba se-asexual polyp nesigaba se-jellyfish sezocansi. Isigaba se-polyp ngokuvamile sakha ku- kusuka kumakholoni wabantu abathile angama-polymorphic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi anezimo ezahlukahlukene futhi akhiqiza amakoloni ezakhiwo zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
I-jellyfish yalesi sigaba inesihenqo esinjengalesi esedlule futhi ayinayo i-cnidocyte esezingeni lomzimba. Ama-gonads awo anomsuka we-ectodermal futhi futhi awanayo ikhwalithi yesisu ehlukaniswe yi-septa.
I-Scyphozoa
Leli qembu lezilwane bagxila kakhulu ekubeni nesigaba se-jellyfish ikakhulu. Isigaba salo se-polyp sincane kakhulu. Lapho ifinyelela esigabeni se-jellyfish, abanaso isembozo kepha baletha okokugqoka kanye nama-cnidocyte emgodini wesisu. Ngokungafani nesigaba se-hydrozoa, lesi sigaba sama-cnidarians sinekhwalithi yesisu esakhiwe nge-4 septa. Ngenxa yalokhu kwehlukaniswa, ine-symmetry ehambisanayo ehlukanisa isikhwama semisipha sibe izikhwama ezine zesisu.
Ukondliwa nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-cnidarians
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko lezi zilwane ezinazo ukuthi iningi lazo lingabantu abadla inyama. Ukubamba inyamazane yabo basebenzisa izintambo zosizo futhi ama-cnidocyte akhipha into ehlabayo futhi afake isisulu kubuthi.
Mayelana nokuzala kwayo, ingazala kabusha ngokwe-asexually nangokobulili ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Kwamanye amaqembu kunokushintshana phakathi kwesigaba se-polyp sokukhiqiza kabusha kwe-asexual nesigaba se-jellyfish sokukhiqiza kabusha ngokocansi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngama-cnidarians kanye nezigaba eziyinhloko nezinhlobo ezikhona.