Namuhla sihambela olwandle nasolwandle ukuchaza ngokugcwele esinye sezilwane zasolwandle ezingenamgogodla ezifuna ukwazi. Okuhlobene ne-jellyfish kanye nokuhlukaniswa komphetho ofanayo, sikhuluma ngakho i-anemone. Kungokwesigaba se-Anthozoa futhi babelana ngohlelo lwamakhorali. Ngokungafani ne-jellyfish ejwayelekile, i-anemone inesigaba esisodwa kuphela se-polyp futhi iyizilwane ezizodwa. Igama layo lesayensi ngu Umlingisi.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi yonke imininingwane ye- i-biology nendlela yokuphila yalolu hlobo? Kumele uqhubeke ufunde 🙂
Izici nokuchazwa kwe-anemone
Lezi zilwane ezingenamgogodla anokulinganisa okulinganayo futhi umzimba wawo umile okweyindilinga. Ngokuvamile ziboshelwe engxenyeni engezansi yesihlabathi solwandle. Futhi singazithola emadwaleni noma ngisho kumagobolondo ezinye izilwane ezingenamgogodla. Zinamathiselwe ebusweni ngenxa yesakhiwo esaziwa njenge-pedal disc.
Esinye sezifiso ezikhethekile zalesi silwane ukuthi sinomgodi owodwa wokushintshana nomaphakathi. Okungukuthi, kufana nokuthi umlomo wethu uphakelwe ukudla nokuhlanza ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kungazwakala kukubi kakhulu, kepha lesi silwane sisinde kanjena kuze kube phakade. Ibizwa nge-disc yomlomo futhi isengxenyeni engenhla. Izungezwe uchungechunge lwezintambo ezihlelwe eceleni kwamasongo wokugxila.
Ngokungafani nezilwane eziningi kakhulu, i-anemone ayinazo izitho ezikhethekile zokwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ingxenye esemaphakathi yomzimba wakho inesikhala somgogodla, noma singesona isitho sangempela, imisebenzi eminingi yokudla okunomsoco iyakhiwa. Kungashiwo ukuthi uphethe ukuphefumula nokondla.
Ngokuqondene nesistimu yayo yezinzwa, iyisidala impela futhi ayinayo ingxenye ye-centralization. Inesibopho sokuqoqa imininingwane ngesimo esithile samakhemikhali asemvelo kanye nokugcina i-homeostasis.
Ubuthi bokulunywa
Njenge-jellyfish yakhona, i-anemone inamaseli ahlabayo abizwa ngama-cnidocyte. Lawa maseli atholakala kakhulu engxenyeni yethende. Kukhona izilwane zalo mkhawulo ezihlelwe ngazo emzimbeni wonke. Amaseli athola la mandla anobuthi ngenxa ama-neurotoxin akwazi ukukhubaza ezinye izilwane ngokuthinta okulula.
Le ndlela isebenza kokubili ukuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye futhi ukubasiza ekuzingeleni. Ngenxa yalobu shevu bangakhubaza isisulu sabo ukuze basiphuze ngokushesha okukhulu.
Indawo nendawo okusatshalaliswa kuyo
Njengoba i-anemone iyisilwane sokuqala esingenamqolo ivumelane nezimo eziningi. Zitholakala cishe kiwo woke amalwandle neenlwandle zephasi. Noma ungaya ezindaweni ezinobude obukhulu lapho amazinga okushisa ephansi, uzothola ama-anemone. Kodwa-ke, inani eliphakeme kakhulu liyabonakala ezindaweni ezifudumele nasezindaweni ezishisayo.
Ngokuqondene nendawo yayo yokuhlala, njalo itholakala ngaphansi kolwandle, ngoba ziyizinto eziphilayo ze-benthic. Izindawo ezizuzisa kakhulu zincike ohlotsheni ngalunye. Abanye bayakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezijulile kanti abanye akunjalo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zendawo yokuhlala zihambisana nenqubo yokuzivumelanisa nenani lesehlakalo ngemisebe yelanga.
Lapho i-anemone ivumelana nendawo, iyazibophezela ku-substrate futhi ihlala lapho. Ngokuvamile abadingi izidingo eziningi ukuze baphile. Abaningi babo bahlala ndawonye namanye ama-anthozoans afana namakhorali. Indawo ehlala kuyo ingumqhele wamakhorali. Bobabili bayaphumelela kulobo budlelwano, ngakho-ke kungukufanelana kokuvumelana.
Esinye sezibonelo ezisobala zokuqonda lolu hlobo lobudlelwano ukuhlaziya i-anemone nge i-clown fish. Lezi zinhlanzi zivele ngendlela yokuthi zivikeleke ngokuphelele kuma-neurotoxin e-anemones. Lezi zinhlanzi zingazivikela kwezinye izilwane ngokufihla phakathi kwama-tentacles nokusebenzisa ubuthi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isenzo salezi zinhlanzi sigcina izintambo ze-anemone ne-disc yomlomo kuhlanzekile ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Obunye ubudlelwano be-symbiotic busungulwa nge-algae ye-photosynthetic ekhiqiza umoya-mpilo nezinto eziphilayo isilwane esizodla, kuyilapho ulwelwe lusizakala ngama-metabolite emfucuza akhiqizwa yisilwane.
Ukudla
Iningi lokudla lisuselwa ku bamba inyamazane yabo iphila ngokusebenzisa izintambo. Cishe kuzo zonke izimo ziyizilwane ezincane ezifana ne-mollusks, izingane de peces kanye namanye ama-cnidarians.
Kungenxa yethende ukuthi bangakwazi ukufaka ukudla emlonyeni wabo bese bekudlulisela emgodini womzimba. Ukugaya kwenzeka kule sayithi.
Ukuzala
Ukukhiqizwa kwabo kungaba kokubili ngokobulili kanye ne-asexual. Ukukhiqiza kabusha ngokocansi kungaba ngokuqhamuka noma ngokuqamba kanambambili. Lokhu kumayelana nokuhlukanisa umzimba wakho. Kwezinye izinhlobo zingenziwa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-pedal laceration. Lokhu kwenzeka engxenyeni ye-pedal disc lapho izingcezu eziningi zihlukaniswe khona, okwenza kube nabantu abasha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuzala ngokocansi kuya ngohlobo oluthile. Singathola amachibi anezitho zobulili ezihlukene namanye angama-hermaphrodites. Ezimweni zombili inqubo iqala ngabesilisa. Yibo abafaka isidoda emvelweni lapho bekhona. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana okuzala sowesifazane avuselelwe. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho ama-ovules ekhishelwa ngaphandle futhi kwenzeka ukukhulelwa kwangaphandle.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kwenziwa isibungu esinezithombo ezinamandla okubhukuda. Kodwa-ke, njengoba bechitha izinsuku ezimbalwa zempilo yamahhala, kugcina kulungiswa ku-substrate futhi kuthuthukiswe i-polyp ezoveza i-anemone entsha. Ngenxa yalezi zinsuku lapho inamahhala khona, indawo yayo yokusabalalisa inganda. Kuya ngemisinga nezindawo lapho ingasungulwa khona ngempumelelo.
Lezi zilwane sezithandwa kakhulu njengezinto zokuhlobisa ezindaweni zasemanzini. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuvuna i-anemone ngokungakhethi kuye kwanda futhi kubeka izinhlobo zezilwane engcupheni yokuqothulwa. Lokhu kwenziwa ngoba zilungele lawo mathangi ane-clownfish.
Ngalolu lwazi uzokwazi ukufunda kabanzi ngalesi silwane solwandle.