Yize kungabonakala kungafani nayo, kunezinhlobo ezi-5 zamahlengethwa ezihlala emifuleni. Okudume kakhulu kubo bonke yi ihlengethwa elibomvana. Kuyaziwa nangegama lehlengethwa iBoto, iBoutu noma i-Amazon River. Ngaleli gama sesivele sazi lapho lihlala khona nezindawo esidlula kuzo. Igama labo lesayensi ngu-Inia geoffrensis futhi bangabohlobo lwe-Inea, ingxenye yomndeni kaPlatanistoidea.
Kule ndatshana sizokhuluma ngehlengethwa elibomvana ngokujula, ngoba akulona uhlobo olufanayo lwehlengethwa esijwayele ukulibona.
Izici eziyinhloko
Lezi zinhlobo zamahlengethwa azifani nalezi esivame ukuhlangana nazo olwandle. Basungule ukuzivumelanisa okuthile ukuze bakwazi ukuhlala emifuleni ngaphandle kwenkinga. Eqinisweni, la mahlengethwa aqhelelene kakhulu nabazali kunalawo asolwandle, ngoba angamalungu emindeni ehlukene.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezikhona zamahlengethwa asemifuleni, la mahlengethwa abomvana yiwona ahlakaniphe kakhulu. Banamandla obuchopho aphakeme kakhulu kunabo bonke abanye. Embuzweni, Inamandla angama-40% ngaphezulu kunalawo womuntu. Lokhu kungamangaza ngaphezu kokukodwa kepha kuliqiniso.
Yize behlala eMfuleni i-Amazon, ngokuvamile, singabathola nasemihumeni yoMfula i-Orinoco nakwezinye izingxenye eziphakeme kakhulu zoMfula iMadeira. Yize iningi lalo lipinki, sithola nemibala ehlukile efana nsundu noma mpunga okhanyayo (lokhu kungumbala "ojwayelekile" phakathi kwamahlengethwa aziwa kangcono).
Bakha iningi labantu abangamahlengethwa asemfuleni akhona, njengoba ezinye izinhlobo zemifula emi-4 zisengozini enkulu noma zingasasebenzi ngokuphelele. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi noma nini lapho kukhona okuthile okukhethekile emvelweni kuyalimaza ngenxa yabantu nezenzo zabo eziphikisana nemvelo.
La mahlengethwa omfula aphakathi kwezinhlobo ezisengozini kakhulu yokuqothulwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezisencane emhlabeni. Ziye zahlukaniswa yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) njengezilwane ezisengozini esengozini futhi zisanda kubekwa njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Izinsongo zehlengethwa elibomvana
La mahlengethwa ayizidalwa zenhlalo futhi ezinobungane. Bahlale amakhulu eminyaka e-Amazon nasemifudlaneni yayo. Kodwa-ke, ukubhujiswa kwe-Amazon ezandleni zabantu kuye kwasheshiswa kakhulu kwaze kwaba sezingeni lokuyibeka engozini ezikhathini eziningi.
Phakathi kwezinsongo ezinkulu esizitholayo sinokunyuka kwamazinga okungcoliswa kwe-mercury. IMercury iyinsimbi esindayo edala ukwanda kwenani lokufa kwabantu minyaka yonke ehlengethwa elibomvana. Eduze kwezimayini zegolide lapho i-mercury isetshenziswa njengengxenye yokukhishwa, kulapho kwenzeka khona amacala okufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ngempela kuyinto esabekayo engxenyeni yomuntu. Ukuze sikwazi ukugqoka amaketanga egolide namasongo, kunamahlengethwa amaningi abomvana abulawa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi yi-mercury. Isongelwa nokwanda kwezimoto eMfuleni i-Amazon. Lezi zilwane zinelukuluku ngokwemvelo futhi zikhuphukela ezikebheni zizobona ukuthi kuyini. Ngokusondela kubo, bahlaselwa masinyane yiziphephela futhi bafe khona lapho, noma balimale kanzima.
Kufanele ucabange ukuthi yizilwane zenhlalo futhi ezinobungane ngempela futhi zifuna nje ukudlala. Noma kunjalo, sisula amasheya. Umsindo okhishwa yimishini nezinjini ubangela ukungcola komsindo futhi kubangele into ephazamisayo ezinhlelweni zokuhamba onazo. Yile ndlela kufa amahlengethwa abomvana abomvana.
Ukudla
La ma-cetaceans ngokuyisisekelo adla izinkalankala, ezinye izinhlanzi ezincane zomfula, ezinye izimfudu ezincane nezinkulu. inhlanzi eyikati okuthandayo. Njengoba izinkalankala nezimfudu kuvame ukuba sezingeni eliphansi lomfula isikhathi esiningi, amahlengethwa abomvana ngokuvamile abhukuda abheke phansi ukuze abone ukuthi yikuphi ukudla angakubamba.
Phakathi kwezici ezinazo, kukhona eyodwa ebasizayo ukuzingela emanzini angajulile nasemathafeni agcwele amanzi. Lesi sici isikhundla se-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho. Futhi ukuthi la ma-vertebrae awahlanganisiwe futhi lokhu kuvumela ukuthi banyuse ikhanda labo lifike kuma-degree angama-180 ngaphandle kokulimala.
Ukuzingela de peces Ukuze uyidlise idinga izindlela eziningi ezifana nokuklaba. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuma eduze kweqembu de peces ukuze bagxile endaweni eyodwa futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, bashintshane ngokuthumba nokudla. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa kanye namanye amahlengethwa apinki.
I-anatomy nokuziphatha
Yize imibala evelele ibomvana, ompunga ngokukhanyayo noma nsundu, abukho ubufakazi besayensi bokuthi kungani benalo mbala. Kungenzeka ngoba banokuzivumelanisa okukhethekile kokuphila emfuleni. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi lo mbala ungenxa yenani lama-capillaries anawo esikhunjeni. Umbala obomvana uyaqina lapho bemangele noma bejabule. Lokhu kungaqhathaniswa nesikhathi lapho abantu behlambalaza kunoma yisiphi isisusa.
Iningi lala mahlengethwa cishe acishe abe yizimpumputhe, ngoba amanzi omfula anomsila. Ngenqubo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo, amehlo abelokhu ewohloka futhi ubuchopho bukhulisa futhi bukhula. Ngokungafani namahlengethwa asolwandle, lawa mahlengethwa anezimpiko ze-dorsal ezingathuthukisiwe kangako.
Ukuziphatha okuhle, zingavela zinhle kunazo zonke izilwane zemifula lapho abantu beseduze. Bayakwazi ukuhamba amabanga cishe angama-30 km ngosuku, yize bekwenza kancane kwazise bahlala befuna ukudla eduze nengxenye engezansi yomfula.
Abesilisa nabesifazane baqala ukukhwelana. Uma sekuqediwe, isikhathi sokukhulelwa esiphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-9 no-12 siqala. Isikhathi sokubeletha abancane kulapho izinga loMfula i-Amazon lisendaweni ephakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kwezinyanga zikaMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Amancane lapho ezalwa, anesisindo esingu-1 kg kuphela futhi anama-75 cm ubude.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngehlengethwa elibomvana.