Zingaki izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezikhona?

Ekuqaleni, kubonakala sengathi kunzima kakhulu ukuphendula lo mbuzo. Kodwa-ke, kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi kwenziwa izifundo eziningi, nokuthi kwenziwa imizamo emincane yokuthola inani eliqondile le- izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezikhona emhlabeni. Kuyacaca ukuthi ababembalwa, ngoba ezintsha zivame ukutholakala.

Lezi zilwane ezinobungane zigcwalisa imifula, amachibi, izilwandle nezilwandle ezihlinzeka ngombala, injabulo nezinye izinto eziningi. Kodwa-ke, njengezinye izilwane eziningi, kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi ngaphezu kwalokho esivame ukukubona futhi sisondelene nathi.

Sizosebenzisa inethiwekhi yamanethiwekhi ukwenza ifayili le- ukubalwa cishe isilinganiso se- izinhlobo yezinhlanzi abazaziyo. Eziningi zazo zihlukaniswa. Ngokubheka ukuthi ezintsha ziyatholakala ngezikhathi ezithile, bazama ukuveza izimfihlo zabo bonke, ngokushesha okukhulu.

Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngalokho nje: zingaki izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezikhona, yiziphi izici zazo, njll. Ngalokhu, kuhloswe ukuthi usondele kulezi zidalwa ezihlukile nokuthi wazi okuningi ngazo.

Ulwazi jikelele

Sekukonke, kuneplanethi enguMhlaba cishe Izinhlobo ezingama-27.000 izinhlanzi ezaziwayo. Kuningi, kuyiqiniso, kepha njengoba sishilo, lelo nani liyanda njalo, ngenxa yezinhlobo ezintsha ezitholakalayo. Kule nombolo kufanele sengeze ukuthi ihlukaniswe imindeni ehlukene engama-400.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Imindeni eyi-400 ukuthi siphawule kuhlukaniswe, nakho, kwaba amakilasi amabili nezihlokwana ezimbili ngasinye. Lezi zigaba zenziwa, vele, ukuze kuhlukaniswe zonke izinhlobo, ngoba lokhu kusiza kakhulu ocwaningweni oluzayo.

Masenze izinombolo eziningi. Ezinhlotsheni ezingama-25.000 ezaziwayo, u-8%, okungukuthi, ingqikithi ye- 8.000, zigcinwa njengezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa. Futhi kufanele sisho ukuthi amaqembu abaluleke kakhulu ama-cyprinids, ama-characins, i-catfish, i-carp, i-labyrinths nama-cichlids.

Iqiniso yilokho ikhathalogi Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi kuwumsebenzi okhandlayo, kepha zenziwa kancane kancane, zisiza kakhulu. Lo msebenzi uvame ukwenziwa yizinhlobo ezahlukene zabantu, noma lokho kungenandaba ukuthi kungumsebenzi yini. Iphuzu ukuletha konke ekufezeni izithelo.

Asazi ukuthi sizoke siyazi i- Inani eliphelele zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhona, kodwa okwamanje, umsebenzi kufanele uqhubeke uye phambili, wenze yonke imizamo yokunikeza izigaba zonke izilwane esizaziyo. Siyaqiniseka ukuthi sizothola isimanga esingaphezu kwesisodwa.

Umqondo wezinhlanzi nomqondo wezinhlobo

Izinhlanzi zinezici eziningi ezibahlukanisa nabanye abantu abahlala emhlabeni. Enye yazo, okungenzeka ukuthi ivelele kakhulu, ukuthi bangabanye be- ama-vertebrate amadala kunawo wonke.

Ngokukhethekile, uma sikhuluma ngezinhlanzi sibhekisa "esilwaneni esinomgogodla wokujikeleza okulula, okunikezwe amaphiko, nomzimba ovalwe ngezikali ngokuvamile, ophefumula ngezinselo futhi uzalane ngamaqanda".

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngaphakathi kweqembu esikubiza ngokuthi "inhlanzi" ukwahlukana okuningi noma amaqenjana abizwa ngokuthi izinhlobo zezinhlanzi angenziwa. Yebo, kungenzeka ukuthi sike sizwe ngezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kaningi kepha ... ngabe siyazi ngempela ukuthi yini uhlobo lwazo? Sizokuchazela ngezansi, lo mbhalo uzozwakala kangcono ngendlela.

Uhlobo, kulokhu a izinhlobo zebhayoloji, iqoqo lezinto eziphilayo noma abantu bemvelo abakwaziyo ukuzalana futhi bakhiqize inzalo evundile, kepha abakwazi ukwenza kanjalo ngamalungu ezinye izinhlobo.

Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi

Ukuhlola inani lezinhlobo zezilwane ezikhona ngaphakathi kwesilwane esinikeziwe impela kuwumsebenzi onzima. Ukuyenza, inqwaba yezifundo, umsebenzi wasensimini namanye amasu ayadingeka asiholele ekufezeni le nhloso.

Ngaphakathi kwezinhlanzi, lo msebenzi usuvele wenziwe futhi wavuselelwa ngendlela ecishe ibe ngunaphakade, okusiholela eqinisweni lokuthi, namuhla, kulinganiselwa ukuthi sezizonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingama-27 lezo ezihlala emanzini ethu. Lokhu, uma kuhunyushwa ngamanye amagama, kusho ukuthi izinhlanzi zibalwa ngamaphesenti ayi-9,62 wezinhlobo zezilwane zomhlaba wonke.

Ngokulandelayo, ukwenza kube lula ukukhomba nezinye, zonke lezi zinhlobo ziye zafakwa ohlwini ngokufana kwazo emaqenjini ahlukahlukene.

Ngokuyinhloko, kunezinhlobo ezine zezinhlobo zezinhlanzi eseziqalile: izinhlanzi ezingenamhlathi, izinhlanzi ezinesigaxa nezinhlanzi ezinamathambo.

Kamuva sizochaza ngokusobala ukuthi ngalinye lala maqembu abizwa kanjani ngokuthi amakilasi noma izibuko ezinkulu.

Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingenamhlathi

Elokuqala kulawa makilasi esixoxe ngalo esigabeni esedlule sifaka inhlanzi engenemihlathi noma inhlanzi khulisa, ihlukaniswe ngamalambu ne-hagfish.

I-Las izibani, ukukunikeza umbono omncane, impela, afana kakhulu nama-eels. Vele abanalo noma yiluphi uhlobo lobudlelwano komunye nomunye. Banomzimba ohlangene, o-gelatinous onomumo oyindilinga. Isikhumba sabo siyatetema futhi siyashelela ngempela futhi siyashelela. Bangakwazi ukuhlala kuwo womabili amanzi anosawoti namanzi amasha futhi bazalane ngamaqanda.

Ngokwengxenye yabo, i-hagfish, ezaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi izinhlanzi eziyizangoma, ziphakathi kwezidalwa ezinomgogodla ezindala kakhulu kule planethi. Lezi zinhlanzi ziyizidalwa eziyinqaba ngempela. Umzimba wayo mude futhi, njengasendabeni yezibani, imbozwe ngokuphelele ngento enamathelayo, enamathelayo, njll. Uma ingekho imihlathi, bakhiqize izakhiwo ezimbili ezisendaweni engaphandle yomlomo ebavumela ukuthi babambe inyamazane yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezikhathini eziningana bangena emzimbeni wezinye izilwane eziphilayo, abazidlayo bese bedla i-viscera yabo ngenxa yolimi oluqhoshayo, olunamazinyo. Kodwa-ke, lo mkhuba akujwayelekile ngoba bajwayele ukudla inyama yezilwane ezifile. Bahlala ezansi nolwandle lapho ukukhanya kuyindlala khona, okube neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni kahle izinzwa zabo.

Izinhlobo Zezinhlanzi Zesibungu

I-Los inhlanzi enesigaxa futhi zingesinye sezidalwa zakudala kakhulu. Isici sayo esikhulu ukuthi amathambo ayo awakhiwe ngamathambo, kepha abunjwe yizinhlaka ezinesigaxa. Batelekile futhi ngokwethula ama-gill slits angaphandle. Lapho sikhuluma ngayo inhlanzi enesigaxa esikhuluma ngakho oshaka, imisebe nama-chimera.

Oshaka, ababizwa nangokuthi oshakaZingezinye zezilwane ezinamandla kakhulu ezilwaneni. Eqinisweni, abakaguquki kangako maqondana ne-morphology, ngakho-ke kungashiwo ukuthi bahlala bengavikelekile ekuhambeni kwesikhathi.

Ama-Stingray abelana ngezici eziningi ezifanayo nabalingisi bawo bangaphambilini, oshaka. Bahlukaniswa kakhulu nabo ngokuba nomzimba ohlelwe endaweni yangaphakathi okwamukela ukwakheka okuyisicaba.

Ekugcineni sithola ama-chimera. Lezi zinhlanzi zingesinye sezilwane eziyivelakancane nezindala kakhulu emhlabeni. Namuhla zimbalwa kakhulu izinhlobo zama-chimera ezisinda. Ukuthola umbono, maqondana nesimo, bahamba maphakathi noshaka nemisebe. Imvamisa zibizwa ngegama elithi inhlanzi yamagundane futhi bahlala emanzini ajulile olwandle.

Amakilasi ezinhlanzi zamathambo

Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezikhona, lezo ezingaphansi kwesambulela salabo okuthiwa yizinhlanzi ezingamathambo yizo ezivame kakhulu futhi esikujwayele ukubona. Kushayelwe izinhlanzi zamathambo ngoba amathambo abo akhiwe ngamathambo futhi baneziga ezivikelwe yizifo. Ngokuya ngamaphiko abo, izinhlanzi ezinamathambo zingahlukaniswa phakathi izinhlanzi ze-actinopterygian y izinhlanzi ze-sarcopterygian.

Izinhlanzi ze-Actinopterygian izinhlanzi ezingamathambo ezinamaphiko azo ahlinzekwa ngezakhiwo ezibizwa ngemisebe.

Izinhlanzi zeSarcopterygian yizinhlanzi ezingamathambo ezifake amaphiko. Njengokulangazelela, babengokhokho bezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini.