Zingaki izinhlobo de peces zikhona?

Ekuqaleni, kubonakala sengathi kunzima kakhulu ukuphendula lo mbuzo. Kodwa-ke, kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi kwenziwa izifundo eziningi, nokuthi kwenziwa imizamo emincane yokuthola inani eliqondile le- izinhlobo de peces ezikhona emhlabeni. Kuyacaca ukuthi ababembalwa, ngoba ezintsha zivame ukutholakala.

Lezi zilwane ezinobungane zigcwalisa imifula, amachibi, izilwandle nezilwandle ezihlinzeka ngombala, injabulo nezinye izinto eziningi. Kodwa-ke, njengezinye izilwane eziningi, kunenhlobonhlobo enkulu de peces ngaphezu kwalokho esivame ukukubona futhi sisondelene nathi.

Sizosebenzisa inethiwekhi yamanethiwekhi ukwenza ifayili le- ukubalwa cishe isilinganiso se- izinhlobo de peces ukuthi bayazi. Eziningi zazo zihlukaniswa. Ngokucabangela ukuthi ezintsha zitholakala ngezikhathi ezithile, sizama ukuveza izimfihlo zazo zonke ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngalokho nje: zingaki izinhlobo de peces zikhona, yiziphi izici zayo, njll. Ngalokhu, kuhloswe ukuthi usondele kulezi zidalwa ezihlukile nokuthi wazi okuningi ngazo.

Ulwazi jikelele

Sekukonke, kuneplanethi enguMhlaba cishe Izinhlobo ezingama-27.000 de peces engibaziyo. Ziningi, kuyiqiniso, kodwa njengoba sesishilo, lelo nani liyanda njalo, ngenxa yezinhlobo ezintsha ezitholakalayo. Kulesi sibalo kumele sengeze ngokuthi ihlukene imindeni engu-400 eyahlukene.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Imindeni eyi-400 ukuthi siphawule kuhlukaniswe, nakho, kwaba amakilasi amabili nezihlokwana ezimbili ngasinye. Lezi zigaba zenziwa, vele, ukuze kuhlukaniswe zonke izinhlobo, ngoba lokhu kusiza kakhulu ocwaningweni oluzayo.

Masenze izinombolo eziningi. Ezinhlotsheni ezingama-25.000 ezaziwayo, u-8%, okungukuthi, ingqikithi ye- 8.000, zigcinwa njengezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa. Futhi kufanele sisho ukuthi amaqembu abaluleke kakhulu ama-cyprinids, ama-characins, i-catfish, i-carp, i-labyrinths nama-cichlids.

Iqiniso yilokho ikhathalogi uhlobo de peces Kungumsebenzi onzima impela, kodwa wenziwa kancane kancane, unikeza usizo olukhulu. Lo msebenzi uvamise ukwenziwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zabantu, nakuba lokho kungenandaba noma kumayelana nomsebenzi. Iphuzu liwukuletha yonke into esiphethweni esiyimpumelelo.

Asazi ukuthi sizoke siyazi i- Inani eliphelele zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhona, kodwa okwamanje, umsebenzi kufanele uqhubeke uye phambili, wenze yonke imizamo yokunikeza izigaba zonke izilwane esizaziyo. Siyaqiniseka ukuthi sizothola isimanga esingaphezu kwesisodwa.

Umqondo wezinhlanzi nomqondo wezinhlobo

Izinhlanzi zinezici eziningi ezibahlukanisa nabanye abantu abahlala emhlabeni. Enye yazo, okungenzeka ukuthi ivelele kakhulu, ukuthi bangabanye be- ama-vertebrate amadala kunawo wonke.

Ngokukhethekile, uma sikhuluma ngezinhlanzi sibhekisa "esilwaneni esinomgogodla wokujikeleza okulula, okunikezwe amaphiko, nomzimba ovalwe ngezikali ngokuvamile, ophefumula ngezinselo futhi uzalane ngamaqanda".

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, eqenjini esilibiza ngokuthi “inhlanzi” kungaba nokuhlukana okuningana noma amaqenjana abizwa ngezinhlobo. de peces. Yebo, kungenzeka ukuthi siye sizwe njalo ngezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kodwa... ingabe siyazi ngempela ukuthi uhlobo luni? Sizoyichaza ngezansi, ukuze lo mbhalo uzoqondakala.

Uhlobo, kulokhu a izinhlobo zebhayoloji, iqoqo lezinto eziphilayo noma abantu bemvelo abakwaziyo ukuzalana futhi bakhiqize inzalo evundile, kepha abakwazi ukwenza kanjalo ngamalungu ezinye izinhlobo.

Izinhlobo zezinhlobo de peces

Ukuhlola inani lezinhlobo zezilwane ezikhona ngaphakathi kwesilwane esinikeziwe impela kuwumsebenzi onzima. Ukuyenza, inqwaba yezifundo, umsebenzi wasensimini namanye amasu ayadingeka asiholele ekufezeni le nhloso.

Ngaphakathi kwezinhlanzi, lo msebenzi usuvele wenziwe futhi wavuselelwa ngendlela ecishe ibe ngunaphakade, okusiholela eqinisweni lokuthi, namuhla, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingqikithi yezinhlobo ezingama-27 de peces lezo ezihlala emanzini ethu. Lokhu, uma kuhunyushwa ngamanye amagama, kusho ukuthi izinhlanzi zibalwa ngamaphesenti ayi-9,62 wezinhlobo zezilwane zomhlaba wonke.

Ngokulandelayo, ukwenza kube lula ukukhomba nezinye, zonke lezi zinhlobo ziye zafakwa ohlwini ngokufana kwazo emaqenjini ahlukahlukene.

Ikakhulukazi, kunamaqembu amane ezinhlobo de peces ezavela: izinhlanzi ezingenamhlathi, izinhlanzi ezinesigaxa nezinhlanzi ezinamathambo.

Kamuva sizochaza ngokusobala ukuthi ngalinye lala maqembu abizwa kanjani ngokuthi amakilasi noma izibuko ezinkulu.

Amakilasi de peces awekho imihlathi

Elokuqala kulawa makilasi esixoxe ngalo esigabeni esedlule sifaka inhlanzi engenemihlathi noma inhlanzi khulisa, ihlukaniswe ngamalambu ne-hagfish.

I-Las izibani, ukukunikeza umbono omncane, impela, afana kakhulu nama-eels. Vele abanalo noma yiluphi uhlobo lobudlelwano komunye nomunye. Banomzimba ohlangene, o-gelatinous onomumo oyindilinga. Isikhumba sabo siyatetema futhi siyashelela ngempela futhi siyashelela. Bangakwazi ukuhlala kuwo womabili amanzi anosawoti namanzi amasha futhi bazalane ngamaqanda.

Ngokwengxenye yabo, i-hagfish, ezaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi izinhlanzi eziyizangoma, ziphakathi kwezidalwa ezinomgogodla ezindala kakhulu kule planethi. Lezi zinhlanzi ziyizidalwa eziyinqaba ngempela. Umzimba wayo mude futhi, njengasendabeni yezibani, imbozwe ngokuphelele ngento enamathelayo, enamathelayo, njll. Uma ingekho imihlathi, bakhiqize izakhiwo ezimbili ezisendaweni engaphandle yomlomo ebavumela ukuthi babambe inyamazane yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezikhathini eziningana bangena emzimbeni wezinye izilwane eziphilayo, abazidlayo bese bedla i-viscera yabo ngenxa yolimi oluqhoshayo, olunamazinyo. Kodwa-ke, lo mkhuba akujwayelekile ngoba bajwayele ukudla inyama yezilwane ezifile. Bahlala ezansi nolwandle lapho ukukhanya kuyindlala khona, okube neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni kahle izinzwa zabo.

Izinhlobo zezinhlobo de Peces i-cartilaginous

I-Los inhlanzi enesigaxa futhi zingesinye sezidalwa zakudala kakhulu. Isici sayo esikhulu ukuthi amathambo ayo awakhiwe ngamathambo, kepha abunjwe yizinhlaka ezinesigaxa. Batelekile futhi ngokwethula ama-gill slits angaphandle. Lapho sikhuluma ngayo inhlanzi enesigaxa esikhuluma ngakho oshaka, imisebe nama-chimera.

Oshaka, ababizwa nangokuthi oshakaZingezinye zezilwane ezinamandla kakhulu ezilwaneni. Eqinisweni, abakaguquki kangako maqondana ne-morphology, ngakho-ke kungashiwo ukuthi bahlala bengavikelekile ekuhambeni kwesikhathi.

Ama-Stingray abelana ngezici eziningi ezifanayo nabalingisi bawo bangaphambilini, oshaka. Bahlukaniswa kakhulu nabo ngokuba nomzimba ohlelwe endaweni yangaphakathi okwamukela ukwakheka okuyisicaba.

Ekugcineni sithola ama-chimera. Lezi zinhlanzi zingesinye sezilwane eziyivelakancane nezindala kakhulu emhlabeni. Namuhla zimbalwa kakhulu izinhlobo zama-chimera ezisinda. Ukuthola umbono, maqondana nesimo, bahamba maphakathi noshaka nemisebe. Imvamisa zibizwa ngegama elithi inhlanzi yamagundane futhi bahlala emanzini ajulile olwandle.

Amakilasi de peces ithambo

Kuzo zonke izinhlobo ukuthi de peces Kukhona, lezo ezingaphansi kwesambulela salezo ezibizwa nge-bony fish yizona ezivame kakhulu futhi lezo esijwayele ukuzibona. Ibiziwe izinhlanzi zamathambo ngoba amathambo abo akhiwe ngamathambo futhi baneziga ezivikelwe yizifo. Ngokuya ngamaphiko abo, izinhlanzi ezinamathambo zingahlukaniswa phakathi izinhlanzi ze-actinopterygian y izinhlanzi ze-sarcopterygian.

Izinhlanzi ze-Actinopterygian izinhlanzi ezingamathambo ezinamaphiko azo ahlinzekwa ngezakhiwo ezibizwa ngemisebe.

Izinhlanzi zeSarcopterygian yizinhlanzi ezingamathambo ezifake amaphiko. Njengokulangazelela, babengokhokho bezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini.