Phakathi kwama-odontocete cetaceans sithola i- Umkhoma Omhlophe. Igama layo lesayensi ngu I-Delphinacterus leucas. Isici esigqame kakhulu umbala omhlophe wesikhumba saso. Itholakala lapho ifinyelele ekuvuthweni. Lapho zizalwa zimpunga noma ngisho nsundu ngokukhanyayo. Zinezinye izici ezikhethekile esizobona kule ndatshana futhi ezizenza zibe uhlobo oluthile lokufuna ukwazi.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngomkhomo omhlophe? Lapha sikutshela konke.
Izici eziyinhloko
Phakathi kwezici zayo ezikwenza ihluke kweminye imikhomo esinayo ukuthi ayinaso isiphetho sangaphambili noma ukubukeka okunamandla nokunamandla. Imvamisa bakha amaqembu abantu abayishumi kanti ehlobo abaningi bayahlangana. Ukukwazi kwabo ukubhukuda kubi impela, kepha bakwenzela ngokwazi ukudonsa ngamamitha angama-700 ukujula. Luhlobo olunobuhle obukhangayo.
Isikhathi sokuphila sayo side impela, kufinyelela eminyakeni engama-30 cishe. Ubudala bakho bunqunywa inani likasimende elakha amazinyo akho. Okungaphezulu noma okuncane kuvame ukukhula izingqimba ezimbili zikasimende ngonyaka, ngakho-ke, kuya ngezingqimba ezinazo, iminyaka ingalinganiselwa ngaphezulu.
Abesilisa bakhula ngo-25% kunabesifazane. Zivame ukuba namandla kakhulu ngakho zihlukaniswa kalula. Zingaba phakathi kwamamitha ayi-3,5 no-5,5 ubude, kuyilapho insikazi ifinyelela kuphela phakathi kwamamitha amathathu kuya kwamane. Abesilisa abadala banesisindo esiphakathi kuka-1.100 no-1.600 kilos ngenkathi abesifazane besisindo esiphakathi kuka-700 no-1.200 kilos kuphela.
Umkhomo omhlophe unesikhathi sokukhula esihlala size sifinyelele eminyakeni eyishumi ubudala. Imvamisa kulesi sikhathi sebevele bafinyelele kubukhulu babo obukhulu. Ukuba namandla kakhulu ungabona amafolda amaningana eduze kwesisu. Lolu ungqimba lwamafutha lubasiza ukulawula izinga lokushisa ezindaweni ezise-Arctic lapho kubanda khona.
Lo mbala uvamise ukuguqula isikhumba sabo kuye ngezinkathi zonyaka ngoba ubasiza ukuthi bazifihle ngombala ofanayo neqhwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa
Esinye isici esihlaba umxhwele salolu hlobo lomkhomo ukuthi inombono othuthuke kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwamanzi akaboni kahle kodwa emanzini uyakwazi ukubona kahle ngisho ebumnyameni.
Amehlo ayakwazi ukufihla into ene-gelatin ekwazi ukuyivikela kumagciwane angenzeka ukuthi angahlasela yona nesikhunta. Ngale ndlela, ikwazi ukuyigcina igcotshwe kahle futhi ihlanzekile kunoma iyiphi i-ejenti yangaphandle. Amandla akhe okuzwa nawo aphakeme impela. Iyakwazi ukuzwa ebangeni kusuka ku-1,2 kuye ku-120 Khz. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomuntu ojwayelekile, kuphakathi kuka-0,2 kuya ku-20 Khz.
Lo mkhoma unomkhuba wokukwazi ukuthinta ukuthintana komzimba nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezifanayo. Lokhu kusenza sicabange ukuthi ukuthinta kwabo kubucayi impela nokuthi bazizwa bephephile lapho bezungezwe abanye abantu bohlobo olufanayo. Yize unongqimba lwamafutha oluwavikelayo, uthe amafutha awamenzi alahlekelwe amandla okuthinta.
Ezinye izifundo ngomkhomo omhlophe zithole ama-chemoreceptor olimini awenza akwazi ukubona ukunambitheka ngomqondo othuthukile wokunambitha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ayinayo iphunga, ngoba azikho izitho ezithola iphunga ezitholakele.
Ukondliwa kwemikhomo emhlophe
Manje sesizodlulela ekudleni okulandelwa yilesi silwane. Ukudla abakulandelayo kuvumelana nezimo kuye ngezindawo abakuzo. Ngokuya ngamazinga okudla atholakalayo esiwathola endaweni, iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nemenyu eyodwa noma enye. Ekudleni kwabo imvamisa badla izinhlanzi, imfanzi, iminenke, izikelemu, izingwane nezinye izilwane zasolwandle.
Uma ukudla kukudinga, kungazika kujule futhi kuhlale isikhashana ngaphandle kokuphefumula noma ukuvulela umoya. Njengoba inamazinyo abuthakathaka ngokuvamile, idla isisulu sayo iphelele futhi kancane kancane iwamunce esiswini sayo. Alikwazi ukuluma noma ukudabuka.
Lesi yisona sizathu esenza imikhomo emhlophe zivame ukuba yingxenye yemvelo yase-Arctic. Njengoba, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, bavame ukuhamba ngamaqembu amakhulu, bathambekele ekudleni konke okubazungezile ngaphandle kohlobo oluthile lokuhlunga. Lokhu kwenza zonke ezinye izinhlobo zihlupheke ngokuswela ukudla.
Ukuziphatha
Njengoba inezici zokuziphatha kwayo, umkhoma omhlophe awazi lutho kahle. Umzimba mkhulu futhi mkhulu futhi lokhu kwenza ukuthi ulahlekelwe ngamakhono okubhukuda. Akunakuqhathaniswa namanye ama-cetaceans noma amahlengethwa. I-hydrodynamics yayo ayikuvumeli ukuthi ihambe emanzini ngendlela esheshayo futhi esheshayo.
Isivinini esiphezulu lapho ikwazi ukubhukuda khona yi-9 km / h kuphela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaphiko ayo angaphambili mancane uma kuqhathaniswa nawo wonke umzimba. Njengoba kunjalo, ayinamandla okwanele okwenza umzimba ube namandla ukuze ukwazi ukunyakaza.
Okwenza ikhetheke uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imikhomo ukuthi ikwazi ukubhukuda ibuyele emuva futhi isikhathi esiningi ikwenza emanzini asebenzayo. Ababona njengababonisi abavame ukuphuma emanzini njengoba kwenza imikhomo namahlengethwa ababulalayo ngoba bakhetha ukuba ngaphansi kwamanzi. Yize ethathwa njengomuntu obhukuda kabi, uthathwa njengomtshuzi omuhle. Iyakwazi ukuhlala ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-700 cishe imizuzu engama-20 ngaphandle kokuphuma ukubamba umoya. Kukhona okunye okubhekwayo okukhombisa ukuthi umkhomo omhlophe ukwazile ukwehlela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-872.
Imisipha yalo mkhoma ine-myoglobin. Yiprotheni ekwazi ukuhambisa umoya-mpilo. Le phrotheni iyisebenzisa njengendawo yokulondolozwa komoya-mpilo ukuze ikwazi ukucwila ekujuleni okunjalo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngomkhoma omhlophe nangendlela yawo yokuphila.