Okusobala kungamaqanda ezinhlanzi ezinamathambo futhi nxazonke. Kukhona ulwelwesi lwangaphandle olungenekayo olunama-pores amancane, abizwa nge-chorion. Lolu ulwelwesi lubushelelezi ngokuvamile, yize kwezinye izinhlobo zalo linecezu elinezinhlangothi eziyisithupha.
El isikhuphasha esivela eqandeni uphethe ukuhlinzeka nge- izinqolobane zamandla nezakhamzimba lokho okudingwa umbungu ngesikhathi sokukhula kwawo kuze kube yilapho usukwazi ukuzondla ngokwawo, lapho usuvele uyingxenye yeplankton. Kwezinye izinhlobo de peces, i-yolk ithatha yonke indawo etholakalayo futhi ishiya indawo eseceleni ikhululekile.
En elasmobranch, uma sebenabo ama-ovules avundisiwe, zimbozwe nge-capsule ye-corneal enezinyathelo nobukhulu obuhlukile kuye ngohlobo. Kwamanye oshaka be-oviparous, isibonelo, le capsule inokubukeka okungunxande okungaphezulu noma okuncane, futhi inikezwa imicu yokulungisa ezansi.
Mayelana nosayizi wamaqanda, iyahlukahluka kakhulu, yize icishe ibe yi-1 mm ububanzi, futhi ingahluka phakathi kuka-0,25 no-7 mm ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene. I- usayizi omuhle weqanda Yiyo ekhulisa inani lamaqanda nokusinda kwesikhathi esizayo kwezibungu nezinsizwa.
I-Los amaqanda e-benthic , ngokuvamile, makhulu kunalawo ama-planktonic, ane-yolk eningi futhi engemaningi. Ukukhula kombungu ngaphakathi kweqanda yinde, kanti isibungu siphume sisesimweni esithuthuke kakhulu, ngamehlo asevele enemibala.
Ngokubuyisa fecundity in pelagic spawning fish ingaphezulu kwalabo abazalela amaqanda i-benthic. Ngakho-ke kukhona ubudlelwane obucacile phakathi kosayizi weqanda nokusinda kwesibungu. Futhi, izibungu ezinkulu ziyakwazi ukudla inqwaba yezisulu nosayizi, futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, azisengozini kangako ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.