Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze iintlanzi ezisengozini okanye ezingekho sesichengeni sokutshintsha kwendalo ezenzeka kwimeko apho zihlala khona. Abanye baphendula kakuhle ngokulungelelanisa kwaye abanye abenzi kakuhle kwaye baphela besweleka.
Kukho iintlobo zeentlanzi zasendle ezixhaphake kakhulu kuLwandle lweMeditera ezidada ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziyakwazi ukujoja iintshaba zazo phantsi kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungcoliseka, naluphi na utshintsho kwivumba lamanzi lunokuchaphazela ukuphuma kwale ntlanzi. Lichaphazela njani ivumba lamanzi kwezi ntlanzi?
Abancinci abancinci
Ezi ntlanzi zinokufikelela kubungakanani kwisigaba sabo abadala se malunga ne-45 cm ubude. Inomzimba odibeneyo, ophela kwi-muzzle kunye nemilebe emikhulu. Ngokuphathelele umbala wayo, ihlala iphakathi kohlaza kunye nomdaka kwaye ibonakaliswa ngokuba namachaphaza aluhlaza kunye nobomvu ahlelwe kuluhlu. Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, Uhlala kuLwandle lweMeditera kwiibhedi ze-algae zolwandle. Bahlala kwiindawo ezinamatye nesanti, nangona zinokubonakala ngaphezulu.
Iintlanzi zeTrush ziyi-hermaphroditic kwaye iimazi zifikelela ekukhuleni ngokwesondo kwiminyaka emibini ubudala. Uninzi lwala mabhinqa luphela lungamadoda emva komnye unyaka. Ixesha lokuzalisa liphakathi kukaMeyi noJuni apho iimazi zizalela amaqanda emaweni agqunywe bubulembu. Iinkunzi ziphethe ukujonga amaqanda, nangona zingawahlaziyi amanzi okanye zakha indlwane.
Ezi ntlanzi zenza inani elikhulu leentshukumo xa zikhona iyakwazi ukunuka ukutya okanye irhamncwa layo.
Uphando ngevumba lamanzi kwi-thrush yolutsha
Iqela leenzululwazi ezivela kumaziko aliqela lenze isifundo malunga nefuthe lamanzi kwiintlanzi. Iqela lophando likhokelwe ngu IZiko laseBalearic Oceanographic yeZiko laseSpain le-Oceanography (IEO). Ukwenza olu phando, abaphandi basebenzise inkqubo ekhetha ukuhamba kwamanzi kwaye ivumela imizimba emibini eyahlukeneyo yokwahlula kwindawo enye ngaphandle kokuxuba. Ngale ndlela ziyakwazi ukubona kwindawo enye, ukuba ivumba lamanzi liyichaphazela njani intlanzi.
Uphononongo lusekwe kwi indlela ezisebenza ngayo iintlanzi phambi kwamavumba ahlukileyo anokubakho emanzini. La mavumba anokutshintshwa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezinjengongcoliseko lwaselwandle ekuchithekeni. Ngaphandle kwenkolelo edumileyo yokuba iintlanzi azinavumba (kuba zihlala phantsi kwamanzi kwaye azinayo imiphunga, uluvo lokuba zinephunga alikhulelwanga kakuhle), inkqubo yokuloba iintlanzi inzima kakhulu, iphantse ifane neyabantu.
UAdam Gouraguine, ungumfundi wobugqirha kwiYunivesithi yase-Essex, eUnited Kingdom, ngokuhlala e-Oceanographic yeZiqithi zeBalearic kwaye ungumbhali ophambili wesifundo. UAdam ucacisa ukuba izazinzulu ezininzi bezisebenzisa obu buchule ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-2000 ukuze zikwazi ukubona ukuba ivumba lamanzi likuchaphazela njani ukuziphatha kwentlanzi. Oluvavanyo luqulathe ukwazisa intlanzi itrush kwinkqubo yokukhetha ukuhamba kunye nokuyivelisa kumavumba ahlukeneyo. Njengoko intlanzi isabela kwivumba, indlela eliziphatha ngayo iyarekhodwa. Imizimba yamanzi kwinkqubo ayixube, nangona kunjalo, iintlanzi zinokudada ngokukhululekileyo kuzo zonke. Ngale ndlela, intlanzi inokukhetha umzimba wamanzi "awuthandayo" kakhulu.
Kude kube ngoku, into ebeyifundwa ngoososayensi kukuba iintlanzi zihlala ixesha elingakanani kulo mzimba wamanzi ngaphandle kokuhamba. Kodwa ngeli thuba, eyona nto iphambili kuphando kukuba imalunga okokuqala le ndlela yokuziphatha ifundwe, kodwa kuhlobo lweMeditera. Amaxesha angaphambili ibikade isenziwa kwiintlobo zeetropiki.
Iziphumo kunye novavanyo lwesibini
Itrush yolutsha ayibonisanga naluphi na ukhetho kuwo nawuphi na umzimba wamanzi. Ubudala beentlanzi abazisebenzisileyo babuphakathi kwamantshontsho kunye nabantu abadala, ke bayasamkela isoyikiso, baziphatha ngokwahlukileyo, kodwa bathatha umngcipheko. Ngenxa yesi siphumo, iqela lophando belizakuthatha isigqibo sokuqukumbela isifundo. Nangona kunjalo, kwathathwa elinye inyathelo lokufunda hayi kuphela ixesha elichithwe yintlanzi kumzimba ngamnye wamanzi, kodwa kananjalo indlela iintlanzi ezaziziphatha ngayo kumjelo ngamnye. Umzekelo, enye yezinto ezifundwayo sisantya iintlanzi ezihamba ngazo ngaphakathi kwimizimba eyahlukeneyo yamanzi kunye nenani leentshukumo ezenzeka ngesiquphe ngaphakathi kuzo.
Nje ukuba olu vavanyo lwesibini lwenziwe, kulapho iingcali zaqonda ukuba lintsonkothe kangakanani ivumba lentlanzi ukusukela isantya apho iintlanzi zihamba khona inokuba sisalathiso sendlela eziva ngayo iintlanzi kwimeko nganye. Uvavanyo lubandakanya kuvavanyo lokuziphatha kwentshukumo yabantwana kwimizimba emihlanu yamanzi enevumba elahlukileyo: irhamncwa, Posidonia oceanica, ulwelwe, iintlanzi zohlobo olufanayo kunye lokugqibela ukuhluza kunye namanzi acocekileyo. Uvavanyo ngalunye kwezi zihlanu, inye ngevumba ngalinye, lwenziwa ngeentlanzi ezahlukeneyo ezingama-30, inye ngexesha. Ngenxa yokuba i-thrush luhlobo lwasendle, iintlanzi azinakugcinwa ekuthinjweni ixesha elide kuba bekukho umngcipheko wokuba iintlanzi zifunde ukuba ivumba lesikhohlakali alivelanga kwinyani. Phakathi kokubamba iintlanzi kunye nokuqhuba uvavanyo, abaphandi bavumela iiyure ezingama-24 ukuba itrush ikhuphe uxinzelelo kwaye iqheleke kwiitanki zentlanzi.
Isiphumo sasiyinguqu kwindlela yokuziphatha kwentlanzi. ngokuhamba okungxamisekileyo emanzini ngephunga lezilwanyana ezitya ukutya okanye ukutya. Oku kuphendula kwindlela yokhuselo enxulumene nokubaleka kunye nokutya. Kwaye kwaqwalaselwa ukuba emanzini anevumba leentlanzi zohlobo olunye, isimilo asitshintshanga ngesantya okanye isixa sokuhamba ngesiquphe. Oku kubonisa ukuba emanzini apho kukho iintlanzi zohlobo olufanayo baziva bekhuselekile kwaye bedada ngokucotha.
Njengoko ubona, inkqubo ye-olfactory yeentlanzi inzima kakhulu kwaye kuyafuneka ukuba ufunde kungekuphela nje ukuba iyintlanzi kangakanani kumzimba ngamnye wamanzi kodwa nakwinto abayenzayo ngaphakathi kuyo.