Phakathi kwee-odontocete cetaceans sifumana Umnenga omhlophe. Igama layo lenzululwazi ngu Delphinacterus leucas. Olona phawu lubalaseleyo ngumbala omhlophe wolusu lwayo. Ifunyanwa xa ifikelele ebudaleni. Ekuzalweni iba ngwevu okanye mdaka ngokukhanyayo. Banazo nezinye iimpawu ezizodwa esiza kubona kweli nqaku kwaye zibenza babe luhlobo oluthile olunomdla.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nomnenga omhlophe? Apha sikuxelela yonke into.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Phakathi kweempawu zayo ezenza yahluke kweminye imikhomo esinayo yokuba ayinaso isiphelo esingaphambili okanye imbonakalo enkulu neyomeleleyo. Ngokwesiqhelo benza amaqela abantu abali-10 kwaye ehlotyeni abaninzi bayahlangana. Ukukwazi kwabo ukudada kubi kakhulu, kodwa bayenzela ukukwazi ukuntywila ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezingama-700 ubunzulu. Luhlobo olunobuhle obunomtsalane.
Ubomi bayo bude kakhulu, ukufikelela kubudala beminyaka engama-30 malunga. Ubudala bakho bunqunyelwe sisixa sesamente esakha emazinyweni akho. Okungaphezulu okanye okuncinci kuhlala kukhula iileya ezimbini zesamente ngonyaka, ke, kuxhomekeke kubuninzi bayo, iminyaka inokuqikelelwa ngaphezulu.
Amadoda akhula ngama-25% amakhulu kunamabhinqa. Bavame ukuba bomelele ngakumbi ukuze bahlulwe ngokulula. Zingaba phakathi kweemitha ezi-3,5 ukuya kwezi-5,5 ubude, ngelixa umntu obhinqileyo efikelela kuphela phakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-4 yeemitha. Amadoda amadala anobunzima obuphakathi kwe-1.100 kunye ne-1.600 kilos ngelixa amabhinqa enobunzima phakathi kwe-700 kunye ne-1.200 kilos.
Umnenga omhlophe unexesha lokukhula elihlala lide lifike kwiminyaka eli-10 ubudala. Ngokwesiqhelo kule minyaka sele befikelele kubungakanani obukhulu. Ukuba somelele kakhulu unokubona ukusongelwa kwamafutha ecaleni kwesisu. Olu luhlu lwamafutha lubanceda balawule ubushushu kwiindawo zeArctic apho kubanda khona.
Lo mbala uthambekele ekutshintsheni ulusu lwabo ngokuxhomekeka kumaxesha onyaka kuba luyabanceda ukuzifihla ngombala ofanayo nekhephu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezivamvo
Enye into ebangela umdla ngolu hlobo lomnenga kukuba inombono ophucukileyo. Ngaphandle kwamanzi akaboni kakuhle kodwa emanzini uyakwazi ukubona kakuhle nokuba sekumnyameni.
Amehlo ayakwazi ukufihla into ene-gelatin ekwaziyo ukuyikhusela kwiintsholongwane ezinokuyihlasela kunye nefungi. Ngale ndlela, iyakwazi ukuzigcina zithanjisiwe kwaye zicocekile kuyo nayiphi na iarhente yangaphandle. Amandla akhe okuva nawo aphezulu kakhulu. Iyakwazi ukuva kuluhlu olususela kwi-1,2 ukuya kwi-120 Khz. Xa kuthelekiswa nomntu oqhelekileyo, kuphakathi kwe-0,2 ukuya kwi-20 Khz.
Lo mnenga unomdla wokukwazi ukuqhagamshela ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nezinye iintlobo zolohlobo lunye. Oku kusenza sicinge ukuba ukubamba kwabo kubuthathaka kwaye baziva bekhuselekile xa bengqongwe ngabanye abantu bohlobo olunye. Ngaphandle kokubanamanqatha okubakhusela, Amanqatha awamenzi aphulukane namandla okuphatha.
Olunye uphononongo kwi-whale emhlophe lufumene i-chemoreceptors kulwimi olwenza ukuba ikwazi ukubona iincasa ngohlobo oluphucukileyo lwencasa. Ngokuchasene noko, ayinangqondo yokujoja, kuba akukho malungu e-receptor evumba afunyenweyo.
Ukutyisa iminenga emhlophe
Ngoku siza kuqhubeka nokondla okulandelayo kwesi silwanyana. Ukutya abakulandelayo kulungelelaniswa ngokuxhomekeke kwiindawo abakuso. Kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lokutya esikufumanayo kuloo ndawo, iyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nemenyu enye okanye enye. Ekutyeni kwabo bahlala betya iintlanzi, imfanqu, iminenke, iintshulube, octopus kunye nezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle.
Ukuba ukutya kuyakudinga, kunokuntywila ngokunzulu kwaye kuhlala okwethutyana ngaphandle kokuphefumla okanye ukuveza umoya. Kuba inamazinyo abuthathaka ngokubanzi, itya ixhoba layo liphela kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe iyawafaka esiswini sayo. Ayikwazi ukuluma okanye ukukrazula.
Esi sizathu sokuba kutheni iminenga emhlophe zihlala ziyinxalenye yezinto eziphilayo ze-Arctic. Kuba, njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, bahlala behamba ngamaqela amakhulu, bahlala betya yonke into ejikeleze bona ngaphandle kolunye uhlobo lokucoca ulwelo. Oku kwenza ukuba ezinye iintlobo zithwaxwe kukuswela ukutya.
Ukuziphatha
Ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokuziphatha kakuhle, umnenga omhlophe awazi nto kakuhle. Umzimba mkhulu kakhulu kwaye mkhulu kwaye oku kwenza ukuba ulahlekelwe bubuchule bokubhukuda. Ayinakuthelekiswa nezinye iicetaceans okanye ihlengethwa. I-hydrodynamics yayo ayikuvumeli ukuba ihambe emanzini ngokukhawuleza nangokungxama.
Esona santya siphezulu saso sinako ukudada kuphela yi-9 km / h. Kungenxa yokuba amaphiko ayo angaphambili mancinci xa kuthelekiswa nomzimba wonke. Njengokuba kunjalo, ayinamandla anyanzelekileyo okwenza ukuba umzimba ube namandla ukuze ukwazi ukuhamba.
Yintoni eyenza ikhetheke ngokuthelekiswa neminye imikhomo kukuba iyakwazi ukudada ibuyele umva kwaye ixesha elininzi liyenza emanzini asebenzayo. Abangombonisi oqhele ukuphuma emanzini njengeminenga yokubulala kunye nehlengethwa kuba bekhetha ukuba ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Nangona uthathwa ngokuba ngumdadi ombi, uthathwa ngokuba ngumhambisi olungileyo. Iyakwazi ukuhlala kubunzulu obujikeleze i-700 yeemitha kwimizuzu eyi-20 ngaphandle kokuya kubamba umoya. Kukho ukuqaphela okubonisa ukuba umnenga omhlophe ukwazile ukwehla kubunzulu beemitha ezingama-872.
Imisipha yalo mnenga ine-myoglobin. Yiprotein ekwaziyo ukuhambisa ioksijini. Le protein isetyenziswa njengendawo yokugcina ioksijini ukuze ikwazi ukuntywila kubunzulu obunjalo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nomnenga omhlophe kunye nendlela yawo yokuphila.