Ukuba indalo ityebile kuyo nantoni na, ixhomekeke kanye kwisixa esikhulu seentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziyigcinayo. Inani elingapheliyo leentlobo zezilwanyana ezihlala kubude kunye nobubanzi besijikelezi-langa sethu kunye neendawo ezihlala kuzo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba sigxininisa kwiintlanzi, izinto aziyi kuba ngaphantsi. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi de peces, phakathi kwayo kukho iqela elikhethekileyo: Intlanzi enkulu.
Ngokuqinisekileyo kwabaninzi le ntlanzi ye-cartilaginous inokuvakala ingaqhelekanga. Akukho nto inokuthi iqhubeke nenyaniso. Kule nqaku siza kuzama ukusondela kwezi ntlobo zezilwanyana kwaye wazi ngakumbi ngazo.
Zithini iintlanzi zetartilaginous?
Intlanzi ye-Cartilaginous yilezo zibonakaliswa ngu Unamathambo enziwe ngentlala endaweni yethambo. Kungoko igama layo. Izidalwa ezinje ngookrebe okanye imisebe zezolu sapho.
Ngaphezu koko, olu hlobo de peces Zikwabizwa ngokufuthi etshang, kuba igama layo lenzululwazi ngu Yenyani.
Umvelaphi
Iintlanzi zentlanzi kuqikelelwa ukuba ziyavela okokuqala eMhlabeni ngeli xesha Uphezulu kwi-Devonia. Ezi ntlanzi kukholelwa ukuba ziyonwabele imizuzwana emibini yokwanda. Eyokuqala kwezi yayisekuqaleni IPermian kwaye elesibini, lelona liqwalaselekileyo, ukuya kumbindi we Ukuthintela.
Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zentlanzi
Ezi ntlanzi zinoluhlu lweempawu ezizodwa, ezibenza babe zizinto ezinomdla ngokwenene.
Eyokuqala kubo, kwaye mhlawumbi eyona inomdla kakhulu, kukuba babekhona inqaku besebancinci. Kwaye ... luhlobo luni lwentambo ukuba izilwanyana zosapho lwe-chordate zinemqolo kwaye zisebenza njengomqolo. Le notochord iya kunika indawo njengoko umntu ekhula, enika indlela kwi-cartilage yokwenene, eya kuthi yona ibe yeyakhe ngokuqinisekileyo amathambo.
Sijwayele ukubona indlela iintlanzi ezihlala zinenkangeleko ekhethekileyo ezenza ukuba zibonakale ngathi zithe tyaba kamva. Ewe, kwiintlanzi zentlanzi kwenzeka okwahlukileyo, kuba ezi zicaba emqolo okanye esiswini. Esinye sezizathu zolu phawu inokuba kukuba abanazimbambo okanye isakhiwo esifanayo. Kungenxa yesi sizathu, ukuba ezi ntlanzi zishiya i-ecosystem yasemanzini zinokufa ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu kuba ubunzima bomzimba wazo buya kubangela ukuba "batyumze", batyumze kwaye batshabalalise amalungu abo angaphakathi.
Imizimba yabo igqunywe ezikalini ezibizwa ngokuba denticles zesikhumba. Ezi zikali zinomsebenzi ophindwe kabini: ukhuseleko kunye nehydrodynamic. Ukuba sibamba intlanzi yentlanzi sinokuthi siqaphele ukuba ulusu luthambile ukuba sithe sityibilika ngesandla saya kwelinye icala, kodwa le nto ibuyela umva ngokupheleleyo xa siyenza kwelinye icala. Isizathu soku sicacile: onke la manani amancinci abekwe ngendlela efanayo nakwindlela enye.
Njengoko kuhlala kunjalo kuzo zonke iintlanzi, Ukuphefumla kolu hlobo lwesilwanyana kwenzeka kwiigilizi, ezingakhuselwanga lilo naliphi na ilungu elikhethekileyo, into edla ngokwenzeka kuninzi lwamathambo.
Ingxaki enkulu echaphazela intlanzi yintlanzi yile awunaso isinyi sokuqubha (Umzimba ngohlobo lwengxowa efumanekayo efunyanwa phantsi komqolo wentlanzi, ezalisa igesi, ikhuthaza ukunyuka). Kwenzeka ntoni ke? Ewe, bayanyanzelwa ukuba badade kwaye bahlale bekhuthele ukuze bahlale bedada.
Abanye babo banamalungu akhethekileyo abizwa ngokuba umgca osecaleni, eluncedo kakhulu kubo ukuze bakwazi ukubamba ukungcangcazela. Ingqondo yokujoja iphuculwe kakhulu kwezi ntlanzi, ngokuchaseneyo nokwenzekayo ngombono wokubona.
Ukutya
Asinakho ukuyifumana indawo yentlanzi kwindawo ethile kwindawo yokutya. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwezi zilwanyana ludla ngokutya kunye nokuzingela kakhulu. Nangona kukho abo bakhetha ukutya okusekwe kwizityalo, iplankton, njl.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona
Ukuzaliswa kolu hlobo lwesilwanyana kuluhlobo oluthile ngokwesondo kunye ne-dioecious, Oko kuthetha ukuba sinamadoda nabantu ababhinqileyo. Le nkqubo yokuzala iyabahlula kwiintlanzi ezinamathambo, kuba isichumisi sangaphakathi senzeka kwi-chondrichthyans. Ilungu lokuguqula amadoda libizwa izikhonkwane.
Inzala kwiintlanzi zentlanzi inokuba ziintlobo ezintathu: i-oviparous, i-ovoviviparous kunye ne-viviparous, Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo ngokwalo. Kwimeko yeentlanzi ezinobunzima beqanda, amaqanda ahlala emakhulu.
Abaqheleki ukuba nenani eliphezulu lolutsha kumjikelo ngamnye wokuzala, kwaye ayisiyiyo eyokuba ngabazali abakhusela kakhulu, ngaphandle kwezinye.
Ukwahlula
Xa sithetha ngentlanzi ye-cartilaginous, kufuneka sazi ukuba ngaphakathi kule klasi, sinokufumana iindidi ezimbini ezahlukileyo. Kwelinye icala sine IiSlamiobranch, kwelinye kwelinye IHolocephalos. Emva koko, ngaphakathi kwabo IiSlamiobranch singahlula phakathi kwe Iselacimorphs kunye IBastoids.
IiSelacimorphs zezinto esiqhele ukuzazi njengookrebe okanye ukrebe. Ziyefana kakhulu neentlanzi ezinamathambo. I-Bastoids ibhekisa kwizilwanyana esizibiza ngokuba ziimantas, imitha, imitha yombane, kunye nesawfish.
Ngokubhekisele kwiiHolocephalos, kwaye ngelishwa, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi lwazo sele luphelile. Okwangoku sifumana kuphela iqela elincinane labo, elibizwa ngokuba IiChimera. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ziintlanzi ezithile, ngakumbi ngenxa yokubonakala kwazo, apho intloko ibalasele khona ukubaxwa emzimbeni, kunye ne-boa ngokohlobo lwesibindi esisesiswini.
Njengokrebe, ii-chimera zikwathwala ukufana kwintlanzi ye-bony, kubandakanya ukubonakala kwe-operculum. Zidla ngokuhlala emazantsi olwandle naselwandle, apho zitya khona iimollusk kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci ezingenamqolo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngeli nqaku ukwazile ukubazi bhetele iintlanzi, kunye namasiko abo, iimpawu zabo, njl. Njengoko sele ubonile, azizizo izidalwa ezingaqhelekanga kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ngaphezulu kwesinye kuye kwabothusa ukufumanisa.